Question 1

Professor Smith studies ways to reduce distractions,fatigue,and inattention while driving.He is most likely a(n)
A) social psychologist.
B) clinical psychologist.
C) I/O psychologist.
D) human factors psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychology focuses on how humans interact with technology and designs systems in a way that reduces errors, enhances productivity, and improves safety. Professor Smith's research on reducing distractions, fatigue, and inattention while driving falls under the purview of human factors psychology.

Question 2

The ability to motivate and influence people to enable their group's success is referred to as
A) 360-degree feedback.
B) a leniency error.
C) leadership.
D) a halo error.

Accepted Answer

The definition given matches the definition of leadership, which involves inspiring and guiding others towards a common goal. Option A refers to a performance evaluation tool, while options B and D are types of rating errors in performance evaluations.

Question 3

Personnel psychology is one of the main subfields of
A) organizational psychology.
B) industrial-organizational psychology.
C) human factors psychology.
D) social psychology.

Accepted Answer

Personnel psychology focuses on the selection, training, and evaluation of employees within organizations. This falls under the larger umbrella of industrial-organizational psychology, which involves the application of psychological principles and theories to workplace settings. Human factors psychology examines how people interact with technology and machines, while social psychology focuses on interpersonal relationships and group dynamics.

Question 4

Professor Vaughn works with technology developers to make sure that technology is safe,easy to use,and effective for consumers.She is likely a(n)
A) social psychologist
B) clinical psychologist.
C) I/O psychologist.
D) human factors psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychology is concerned with how people interact with technology and design products that are safe, easy to use, and effective for consumers. Professor Vaughn's work aligns with this field of psychology, making D the correct answer choice.

Question 5

Career counseling science aims to match people to vocations that have a
A) moderate starting salary.
B) good person-environment fit.
C) high starting salary.
D) retirement savings plan.

Accepted Answer

Career counseling science aims to match individuals with vocations that have a good person-environment fit, meaning that the job aligns with the individual's personality, values, interests, and skills. It is not solely focused on starting salary or retirement savings plans.

Question 6

Regan has been programming computers for so long that she does not understand why some people have difficulty following what she considers the easy instructions to "drag and drop" files into a new folder.She is exhibiting what psychologists call
A) strengths-based leadership.
B) transformational leadership.
C) the curse of knowledge.
D) a directive management style.

Accepted Answer

Regan's behavior suggests that she is suffering from the curse of knowledge, which is a cognitive bias where a person who is knowledgeable in a particular subject overestimates how easily others can understand the same subject. This can lead to difficulties in communicating instructions to others.

Question 7

Mary quite enjoys her work and is pleased with the fact that she has been able to move up the so-called corporate ladder so quickly.For Mary,her work is a
A) job.
B) career.
C) calling.
D) position.

Accepted Answer

Mary's satisfaction with her work and her quick advancement suggest that she views her work as more than just a job (which is typically seen as a source of income rather than personal fulfillment). However, there's no indication that her work is a "calling" (a strong sense of natural or divine purpose associated with certain professions, like nursing or ministry), so the best answer is B) career. This suggests that Mary sees her work as a professional path or journey that she is invested in and committed to pursuing further.

Question 8

Lisbeth views her work only as a way to make the money she needs to do the things she enjoys.Lisbeth apparently views her work as a
A) calling.
B) job.
C) contract.
D) career.

Accepted Answer

Lisbeth views her work only as a means of earning money, which suggests that she does not find any sense of fulfillment or purpose beyond financial gain. This indicates a utilitarian or instrumental view of work, in which the primary goal is to earn a living rather than pursue a passion or calling (A), fulfill a sense of obligation or duty (C), or develop a long-term profession or vocation (D). Therefore, the best choice is B, job.

Question 9

Based on the career interest questionnaire,which interest type would be the best match for a mechanic?
A) realistic
B) social
C) artistic
D) conventional

Accepted Answer

Mechanics typically have an interest in and preference for working with tools, machinery, and practical, hands-on tasks. This aligns with the realistic interest type, which is characterized by a preference for practical, tangible activities and a focus on working with objects rather than people.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a factor that helps explain the interviewer illusion?
A) Interviewers presume that people are what they seem to be in the interview situation.
B) Interviewers' preconceptions and moods color how they perceive interviewees' responses.
C) Interviewers fail to judge people relative to those interviewed just before and after them.
D) Interviews disclose the interviewee's good intentions,which are less revealing than habitual behaviors.

Accepted Answer

This statement is not a factor that helps explain the interviewer illusion. The other three choices are all factors that contribute to the interviewer illusion.

Question 11

You just got a new job at a big computer company where you will be assisting designers in making software more user-friendly.You are you most likely a(n)
A) social psychologist.
B) I/O psychologist.
C) human factors psychologist.
D) developmental psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychologists specialize in making technology more user-friendly by considering the physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects of human interaction with technology. This job description mentions designing software to be more user-friendly, which falls within the realm of human factors psychology. Social psychology focuses on understanding how people interact with each other, I/O psychology focuses on the workplace and employee behavior, and developmental psychology focuses on how humans develop and change over the course of their lives.

Question 12

Work is LEAST likely to be experienced as a positive and fulfilling activity for those who
A) receive annual performance reviews.
B) frequently experience flow.
C) view their work as a job.
D) are self-employed.

Accepted Answer

Those who view their work as a job, rather than a career or calling, are less likely to experience work as a positive and fulfilling activity.

Question 13

Work is most likely to be satisfying for employees if it is associated with
A) task leadership.
B) the experience of flow.
C) 360-degree feedback.
D) unstructured interviews.

Accepted Answer

The experience of flow, where individuals are fully immersed and energized by their work, is a key factor in job satisfaction. Task leadership, 360-degree feedback, and unstructured interviews may also have some impact on job satisfaction, but are not as closely associated with it as the experience of flow.

Question 14

Which of the following psychologists would work with designers and engineers to make products more "human friendly"?
A) social psychologists
B) clinical psychologists
C) I/O psychologists
D) human factors psychologists

Accepted Answer

Human factors psychologists specialize in designing products and systems that are easy and efficient to use, while also considering the limitations and abilities of human users. They typically work with engineers, designers, and other professionals to ensure that products are "human friendly."

Question 15

Dr.Eisenberg develops behavior rating scales for use by company supervisors to appraise the performance of workers and make decisions about job promotions.His work best illustrates that of a(n)________ psychologist.
A) clinical
B) personnel
C) organizational
D) human factors

Accepted Answer

Personnel psychologists focus on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development, which includes developing tools like behavior rating scales for performance appraisals.

Question 16

Compared with ineffective managers,those who are effective are more likely to
A) use informal,unstructured interviews when selecting new employees.
B) exercise a directive management style for achieving organizational goals.
C) celebrate employees' productivity by providing them with recognition and rewards.
D) do all of these things.

Accepted Answer

Effective managers are more likely to celebrate employees' productivity by providing them with recognition and rewards. They are also more likely to use structured interviews and a participative management style for achieving organizational goals. However, the use of directive management style is not considered as effective as participative management style. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 17

A feeling that one's workplace setting offers many opportunities to learn and develop is most likely to promote
A) strengths-based leadership.
B) transformational leadership.
C) employee engagement.
D) 360-degree feedback.

Accepted Answer

A workplace that offers many opportunities to learn and develop creates a sense of engagement in employees. This engagement enhances their job satisfaction and helps them feel more invested in their role, in turn, leading to increased productivity and overall organizational success.

Question 18

Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially useful activity are said to view work as a
A) job.
B) calling.
C) career.
D) contract.

Accepted Answer

When someone views their work as fulfilling and socially useful, it implies that they perceive their work as having a larger purpose beyond just earning a paycheck. This is typically associated with the concept of a calling, which suggests that the individual sees their work as an important part of their identity and their contribution to society. The other options do not necessarily imply this level of personal investment and satisfaction in one's work.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an interest identified by the career interest questionnaire located at O*NET?
A) intelligent
B) social
C) enterprising
D) conventional

Accepted Answer

"Intelligent" is not an interest category identified on the O*NET career interest questionnaire. The six interest categories identified are realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.

Question 20

Managers who delegate authority and welcome team members' participation are said to excel in
A) structured interviews.
B) social leadership.
C) performance appraisal.
D) a directive management style.

Accepted Answer

Social leadership involves delegating authority and encouraging participation from team members, which is what the statement describes. The other options (structured interviews, performance appraisal, directive management style) do not relate to the concept of delegation and team participation.

Quiz 17: Psychology at Work

Professor Smith studies ways to reduce distractions,fatigue,and inattention while driving.He is most likely a(n)

The ability to motivate and influence people to enable their group's success is referred to as

Personnel psychology is one of the main subfields of

Professor Vaughn works with technology developers to make sure that technology is safe,easy to use,and effective for consumers.She is likely a(n)

Career counseling science aims to match people to vocations that have a

Regan has been programming computers for so long that she does not understand why some people have difficulty following what she considers the easy instructions to "drag and drop" files into a new folder.She is exhibiting what psychologists call

Mary quite enjoys her work and is pleased with the fact that she has been able to move up the so-called corporate ladder so quickly.For Mary,her work is a

Lisbeth views her work only as a way to make the money she needs to do the things she enjoys.Lisbeth apparently views her work as a

Based on the career interest questionnaire,which interest type would be the best match for a mechanic?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that helps explain the interviewer illusion?

You just got a new job at a big computer company where you will be assisting designers in making software more user-friendly.You are you most likely a(n)

Work is LEAST likely to be experienced as a positive and fulfilling activity for those who

Work is most likely to be satisfying for employees if it is associated with

Which of the following psychologists would work with designers and engineers to make products more "human friendly"?

Dr.Eisenberg develops behavior rating scales for use by company supervisors to appraise the performance of workers and make decisions about job promotions.His work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist.

Compared with ineffective managers,those who are effective are more likely to

A feeling that one's workplace setting offers many opportunities to learn and develop is most likely to promote

Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially useful activity are said to view work as a

Which of the following is NOT an interest identified by the career interest questionnaire located at O*NET?

Managers who delegate authority and welcome team members' participation are said to excel in