Some Companies Are Managing the Labour Shortage Created by Retiring

Some companies are managing the labour shortage created by retiring employees by which of the following?

A) Offering "retirees on call" programs
B) Offering bonuses to employees about to retire to stay on past normal retirement age
C) Contracting out work performed by retiring employees
D) Hiring younger workers who are able to work harder and longer hours than the older employees they are replacing
E) Making greater use of information technology to automate functions performed by retiring employees