Question 1

The law of segregation would predict that the F₂ progeny of F₁ heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

Accepted Answer

The law of segregation states that during meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate and each allele for a given gene goes into a different gamete. In this case, the FS1U1B11S1U1B0 plants are heterozygous for two different genes. During meiosis, the allele for each gene will segregate into different gametes, resulting in four possible gametes: FS1U1B1, FS1U1B0, FS1U1B1, and FS1U1B0. When these gametes combine in fertilization, the resulting progeny will have genotypes and phenotypes based on the combination of two alleles (one from each parent). The possible genotypes and phenotypes for the FS1U1B12S1U1B0 progeny are: FS1U1B1/FS1U1B0 (heterozygous), which will have a wild-type phenotype, and FS1U1B0/FS1U1B0 (homozygous recessive), which will have a mutant phenotype. The ratio of heterozygous to homozygous recessive will be 2:1, which is equivalent to a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio and a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. Therefore, choice E is correct.

Question 2

Assuming independent assortment, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to see if an individual with the genotype RrGg is self-crossed?

Accepted Answer

The genotype RrGg can produce four types of gametes (RG, Rg, rG, and rg) that combine independently in the offspring. The Punnett square for this cross would produce the phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1.

Question 3

The statistical interpretation of a χ² value is determined by identifying the P value for each experiment, and the P value is dependent on the number of degrees of freedom (df)in the experiment being examined. For a coin flip experiment, the df value is equal to 1. You perform an experiment to determine how many times out of 100 die rolls that you roll a "1" in a single roll. What would the df value be equal to?

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

The law of independent assortment would predict that the F₂ progeny of F₁ heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

Accepted Answer

The law of independent assortment predicts a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation for a dihybrid cross involving two heterozygous traits.

Question 5

By convention, when an observed experimental outcome has a probability of occurrence of less than 5% (<0.05), the experimental results are considered to be __________.

Accepted Answer

When an observed experimental outcome has a probability of occurrence of less than 5% (<0.05), we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. This means that the experimental results are statistically significant and different from the expected outcome.

Question 6

What genotypic ratio would you expect to see among the progeny of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

A monohybrid cross involves the inheritance of one trait or gene. The expected genotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross is 1:2:1, which means that for every one individual that is homozygous dominant (AA), you would expect to see two individuals that are heterozygous (Aa) and one individual that is homozygous recessive (aa). The other answer choices are for different types of crosses with more than one gene involved.

Question 7

In peas, axial (A)flower position is dominant to terminal (a), and tall (L)is dominant to short (l). If a plant that is heterozygous for both traits is allowed to self-fertilize, how many of the offspring would also be heterozygous for both traits?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In peas, axial (A)flower position is dominant...

Question 8

The blending theory would predict that the phenotype seen in the F₁ generation from a cross between a pure breeding plant with dark purple flowers and a pure breeding plant with white flowers would be __________.

Accepted Answer

The blending theory has been disproved, and the correct answer can be deduced from the laws of Mendelian inheritance. If the dark purple flowered plant is homozygous dominant (PP) and the white flowered plant is homozygous recessive (pp), then the F1 generation would be heterozygous (Pp) and have purple flowers. When the F1 generation is self-crossed, the resulting F₁ generation would have a 1:2:1 genotype ratio (PP:Pp:pp) and a 1:2:1 phenotype ratio (dark purple:light purple:white). Therefore, the most likely phenotype for the F₁ generation would be light purple.

Question 9

The statistical interpretation of a chi-square value is determined by identifying the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The statistical interpretation of a chi-square value...

Question 10

In peas, the yellow allele is dominant over the green allele. A plant with yellow peas was crossed to a plant with green peas. The resulting plants were 50% yellow and 50% green. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross?

Accepted Answer

The yellow plant must be heterozygous (Yy) to produce both yellow and green offspring when crossed with a homozygous recessive (yy) green plant.

Question 11

Mendel performed many types of crosses, including those in which the same genotypes are crossed but the sexes of the parents are switched. These are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal crosses involve crossing the same genotypes but with the sexes of the parents switched. This serves as a control for any effects that may be attributed to the gender of the parent.

Question 12

The P value is a quantitative expression of the probability that the results of another experiment of the same size and structure will deviate from expected results as much as or more than by chance. The greater the difference between observed and expected results of an experiment, __________.

Accepted Answer

The χ² value measures the degree of difference between observed and expected results, with higher values indicating a greater difference. The P value is a measure of the probability of obtaining such a difference by chance, so as the difference between observed and expected results increases, the probability of obtaining such a result by chance decreases. Therefore, the greater the χ² value, the lower the P value.

Question 13

How many different types of gametes can be produced by a short plant with yellow, round peas with a heterozygous genotype (YyRrSs)?

Accepted Answer

The first gene pair (Yy) can produce two different gametes: Y and y.
The second gene pair (Rr) can produce two different gametes: R and r.
The third gene pair (Ss) can produce two different gametes: S and s.
Therefore, by using the multiplication principle, the total number of different gametes that can be produced is 2 x 2 x 2 = 8.

Question 14

In peas, axial (A)flower position is dominant to terminal (a), tall (L)is dominant to short (l), and yellow (Y)is dominant to green (y). If a plant that is heterozygous for all three traits is allowed to self-fertilize, how many of the offspring would show the dominant phenotype for all three traits?

Accepted Answer

When a heterozygous plant (AaLlYy) self-fertilizes, the probability of showing the dominant phenotype for each trait is 3/4. Therefore, the probability for all three traits is (3/4) * (3/4) * (3/4) = 27/64.

Question 15

A couple has four children. What is the probability that they have four boys?

Accepted Answer

The probability of having a boy or a girl is 1/2. The probability of having four boys is (1/2)^4, which simplifies to 1/16.

Question 16

Crosses in which F₁ plants heterozygous for a given allele are crossed to generate a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F₂ generation are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Monohybrid crosses involve a single trait and result in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation when F1 heterozygous plants are crossed.

Question 17

In peas, the round allele is dominant over the wrinkled allele. A plant with round peas was crossed to a plant with wrinkled peas and all of the resulting plants had round peas. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross?

Accepted Answer

The round pea plant must be homozygous dominant (RR) to ensure all offspring are round, as crossing with a homozygous recessive (rr) would otherwise produce some wrinkled peas if the round parent were heterozygous (Rr).

Question 18

Humans have a gene, T, that is involved in muscle formation of the tongue. Individuals homozygous for one allele can roll their tongues, while individuals homozygous for the other allele cannot. If both parents can roll their tongues, but their child cannot, what can be said about the mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans have a gene, T, that is...

Question 19

The genes responsible for some of the traits that Mendel observed have been recently identified and have helped in determining how molecular variation produces morphologic variation in pea plants. Allelic variation in the Sbe1 gene, which produces starch-branching enzyme 1, is responsible for which trait in peas?

Accepted Answer

Allelic variation in the Sbe1 gene affects the shape of peas, causing them to be either round or wrinkled.

Question 20

What phenotypic ratio would you expect as a result of a test cross between a dihybrid organism and one that is homozygous recessive for alleles at two independent loci?

Accepted Answer

In a dihybrid organism, if we assume the two independent loci are AaBb, the gametes produced will be AB, Ab, aB, and ab. When these gametes are crossed with a homozygous recessive individual (aabb), the resulting phenotypic ratio will be 1:1:1:1 for the four possible combinations of offspring genotypes (AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb). Therefore, the answer is C (1:1:1:1).

Quiz 2: Transmission Genetics

The law of segregation would predict that the F₂ progeny of F₁ heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

Assuming independent assortment, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to see if an individual with the genotype RrGg is self-crossed?

The law of independent assortment would predict that the F₂ progeny of F₁ heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

By convention, when an observed experimental outcome has a probability of occurrence of less than 5% (<0.05) , the experimental results are considered to be __________.

What genotypic ratio would you expect to see among the progeny of a monohybrid cross?

In peas, axial (A) flower position is dominant to terminal (a) , and tall (L) is dominant to short (l) . If a plant that is heterozygous for both traits is allowed to self-fertilize, how many of the offspring would also be heterozygous for both traits?

The blending theory would predict that the phenotype seen in the F₁ generation from a cross between a pure breeding plant with dark purple flowers and a pure breeding plant with white flowers would be __________.

The statistical interpretation of a chi-square value is determined by identifying the __________.

In peas, the yellow allele is dominant over the green allele. A plant with yellow peas was crossed to a plant with green peas. The resulting plants were 50% yellow and 50% green. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross?

Mendel performed many types of crosses, including those in which the same genotypes are crossed but the sexes of the parents are switched. These are known as __________.

The P value is a quantitative expression of the probability that the results of another experiment of the same size and structure will deviate from expected results as much as or more than by chance. The greater the difference between observed and expected results of an experiment, __________.

How many different types of gametes can be produced by a short plant with yellow, round peas with a heterozygous genotype (YyRrSs) ?

A couple has four children. What is the probability that they have four boys?

Crosses in which F₁ plants heterozygous for a given allele are crossed to generate a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F₂ generation are known as __________.

In peas, the round allele is dominant over the wrinkled allele. A plant with round peas was crossed to a plant with wrinkled peas and all of the resulting plants had round peas. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross?

What phenotypic ratio would you expect as a result of a test cross between a dihybrid organism and one that is homozygous recessive for alleles at two independent loci?

Quiz 2: Transmission Genetics

The law of segregation would predict that the F2 progeny of F1 heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

Assuming independent assortment, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to see if an individual with the genotype RrGg is self-crossed?

The law of independent assortment would predict that the F2 progeny of F1 heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

By convention, when an observed experimental outcome has a probability of occurrence of less than 5% (<0.05) , the experimental results are considered to be __________.

What genotypic ratio would you expect to see among the progeny of a monohybrid cross?

In peas, axial (A) flower position is dominant to terminal (a) , and tall (L) is dominant to short (l) . If a plant that is heterozygous for both traits is allowed to self-fertilize, how many of the offspring would also be heterozygous for both traits?

The blending theory would predict that the phenotype seen in the F1 generation from a cross between a pure breeding plant with dark purple flowers and a pure breeding plant with white flowers would be __________.

The statistical interpretation of a chi-square value is determined by identifying the __________.

In peas, the yellow allele is dominant over the green allele. A plant with yellow peas was crossed to a plant with green peas. The resulting plants were 50% yellow and 50% green. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross?

Mendel performed many types of crosses, including those in which the same genotypes are crossed but the sexes of the parents are switched. These are known as __________.

The P value is a quantitative expression of the probability that the results of another experiment of the same size and structure will deviate from expected results as much as or more than by chance. The greater the difference between observed and expected results of an experiment, __________.

How many different types of gametes can be produced by a short plant with yellow, round peas with a heterozygous genotype (YyRrSs) ?

A couple has four children. What is the probability that they have four boys?

Crosses in which F1 plants heterozygous for a given allele are crossed to generate a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation are known as __________.

In peas, the round allele is dominant over the wrinkled allele. A plant with round peas was crossed to a plant with wrinkled peas and all of the resulting plants had round peas. What is the genotype of the parents in this cross?

What phenotypic ratio would you expect as a result of a test cross between a dihybrid organism and one that is homozygous recessive for alleles at two independent loci?

The law of segregation would predict that the F₂ progeny of F₁ heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

The law of independent assortment would predict that the F₂ progeny of F₁ heterozygous plants will exhibit a __________.

The blending theory would predict that the phenotype seen in the F₁ generation from a cross between a pure breeding plant with dark purple flowers and a pure breeding plant with white flowers would be __________.

Crosses in which F₁ plants heterozygous for a given allele are crossed to generate a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F₂ generation are known as __________.