Question 1

According to the text,there are different forms of racism.Overt,obvious racism,such as physical violence or the use of racial slurs is termed.

Accepted Answer

The text mentions that overt, obvious racism such as physical violence or the use of racial slurs is categorized as old-fashioned racism. Aversive racism refers to more subtle forms of racism, covert racism includes racism that is hidden or disguised, and neo-racism refers to new forms of racism that have emerged in contemporary society.

Question 2

The view that race intersects with class to shape one's experience in the social structure is a perspective related
To)

Accepted Answer

The view that race intersects with class to shape one's experience in the social structure is related to conflict theory, which emphasizes the role of power struggles and inequality in shaping society. This perspective recognizes that race and class are intertwined and shape individuals' experiences and opportunities within society.

Question 3

The process by which a minority becomes socially,economically,and culturally absorbed within the dominant society is called.

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process by which a minority group adopts the customs, values, norms, and even language of the dominant society to become culturally, socially, and economically absorbed within it. Cultural relativism refers to the idea that different cultures should be evaluated on their own terms rather than judged by the standards of another culture. Amalgamation refers to the blending of two or more cultures to form a new culture. Cultural affiliation refers to the sense of connection or identification that an individual or group has with a particular culture or subculture.

Question 4

According to a fairly old psychological theory of prejudice and racism,the tendency to rigidly categorize other people,to rigidly conform,and be intolerant of ambiguity is part of a(n) .

Accepted Answer

The theory being referred to is the authoritarian personality theory, which proposes that certain personality traits, such as a rigid adherence to authority, a preference for conformity, and a tendency to be intolerant of ambiguity, predispose individuals towards prejudice and discrimination. The other options are not related to this particular theory.

Question 5

If an administrator engages in institutional racism he or she is is able to apply which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Institutional racism is a systemic form of racism that operates within institutions such as government, education, and businesses. The power dynamics within these institutions allow those in positions of authority and decision-making to perpetuate and reinforce racist practices and policies, often without even realizing it. Therefore, the ability to apply power is a key factor in engaging in institutional racism.

Question 6

Holding the belief that one does not notice racial differences,and that discussing race only perpetuates racism,would be considered.

Accepted Answer

This belief is known as color-blind racism, as it assumes that race should be irrelevant in society and promotes the myth of a "color-blind" society. However, ignoring racial differences does not address underlying issues of systemic racism and inequality.

Question 7

In the debate over whether class or race are more important as the source of inequality,sociologist William Julius
Wilson argues that

Accepted Answer

William Julius Wilson argues that changes in the economic structure are more important than race in shaping the life chances of different groups. He contends that social and economic inequality is primarily rooted in class divisions and that race has become a proxy for class in the United States. Wilson argues that while racism and discrimination continue to exist and impact minority groups, focusing solely on race as the source of inequality can distract from addressing the deeper class-based inequalities that underpin social stratification in the country. Thus, option C is the best choice.

Question 8

The assimilation perspective argues that in order to be full members of society members of minority groups must adopt as many aspects of the dominant culture as possible.This perspective pertains to which type of sociological theory?

Accepted Answer

The assimilation perspective aligns with the functionalist theory which views society as a system of interrelated parts that work together to maintain stability and balance. In this perspective, assimilation of minority groups into the dominant culture is seen as necessary for the overall functioning of society.

Question 9

Blaming Blacks for economic inequality and resistance to policies that might alleviate racial oppression is considered.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Blaming Blacks for economic inequality and resistance...

Question 10

Contact theory argues that interaction between Whites and minorities will reduce prejudice on the part of both groups if all of the following conditions are met,except:

Accepted Answer

All of the conditions mentioned (A, B, and C) must be met for contact theory to be effective. However, the option D is not required for the theory to work.

Question 11

Consistently avoiding contact with people of different races than one's own would be considered an example of
,

Accepted Answer

The description given matches with the definition of aversive racism. Aversive racists may not necessarily hold overtly prejudiced beliefs, but may still avoid contact with people of different races due to feelings of discomfort or unease, leading to patterns of segregation and exclusion.

Question 12

50is the psychological theory that argues that members of the dominant group vent their frustrations and aggressions toward minority groups instead of the real source of their frustration.

Accepted Answer

The scapegoat theory argues that members of the dominant group, who are frustrated and agitated, turn their negative emotions towards minority groups as a scapegoat, rather than addressing the true source of their frustrations. This theory suggests that the tension and hostility involved in intergroup conflict are not necessarily the result of genuine competition between groups, but rather a product of frustration and displacement of anger.

Question 13

Which of the following is not an element of laissez-faire racism?

Accepted Answer

The other three elements - subtle and persistent negative stereotyping, blaming blacks for the gap in economic standing, and resistance to policy efforts to alleviate racially oppressive practices - are all key components of laissez-faire racism. However, an inability to understand non-racist viewpoints is not necessarily tied to this ideology.

Question 14

The perspective that argues that minority groups' life chances result from the opportunities formed by the
Interactions of class,race,and gender is called.

Accepted Answer

The intersection perspective emphasizes the complex ways that different social categories, such as race, class, and gender, intersect and interact to shape life chances and experiences. This perspective recognizes that individuals may belong to multiple social categories that affect their opportunities and constraints in unique ways.

Question 15

Educational tracking and racial profiling are both examples of.

Accepted Answer

Educational tracking and racial profiling are both examples of institutional racism, as they are policies and practices within institutions (such as police departments or schools) that result in different opportunities or outcomes based on race. Color-blind racism and aversive racism are more subtle forms of racism that may be present in individuals' attitudes or behaviors. Jim Crow racism refers to the legal segregation and discrimination policies that were enforced in the United States prior to the Civil Rights Movement.

Question 16

Sociologists find that racism

Accepted Answer

Racism involves both the perception and treatment of members of a racial group as inferior. It is not just about individual attitudes or actions, but a larger societal issue that affects institutional policies and practices. While progress has been made in recent years, racism still exists in the United States. The election of Barack Obama as president did not eliminate racism in society.

Question 17

Which of the following is the best example of institutional discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Institutional discrimination refers to policies or practices within and by institutions that disproportionately harm a particular group. Airport security procedures that target people based on their appearance, such as being Middle Eastern, exemplify institutional discrimination as they are systemic and embedded in the institution's practices.

Question 18

Which theory argues that race and ethnicity are socially constructed categories?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interaction theory argues that race and ethnicity are socially constructed categories, rather than biological or natural characteristics. This theory suggests that people learn and adopt certain racial and ethnic identities based on interactions with others and the meanings attached to different categories.

Question 19

Contact theory argues that under certain conditions interactions between Whites and members of minority groups will reduce prejudice within both groups.This theory is a type oftheory.

Accepted Answer

Contact theory falls under the symbolic interactionist perspective, which emphasizes the importance of how individuals interpret and interact with symbols (in this case, individuals from different racial groups). Contact theory suggests that positive interactions between different racial groups can reduce prejudice and increase understanding, which aligns with the focus on individual interactions within the symbolic interactionist perspective.

Question 20

The situation for women in society should be studied separately within each social class because differences between men and women are not the same in every racial or class group.This is an argument of the perspective.

Accepted Answer

The argument presented acknowledges that the experiences and struggles of women vary based on factors such as race and class. The intersectional perspective recognizes the interconnectedness of various social identities and how they impact people's experiences in society. Therefore, the best choice for this argument is the intersectional perspective.

Quiz 10: Race and Ethnicity