Question 1

The trend toward more and more of the population entering the 65 and over age bracket is called.

Accepted Answer

"Graying of America" refers to the trend of the population aging and more people entering the 65 and over age bracket. This term acknowledges the increase in life expectancy and the resulting demographic shift in the United States. A is incorrect because "boomer bust" refers to a decrease in economic activity due to the aging of the baby boomer generation. C and D are not accurate terms in this context.

Question 2

Stage two of the demographic transition is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Stage two of the demographic transition is characterized by a decreasing death rate and a high birth rate, as a result of improvements in health and sanitation while cultural norms and traditions concerning large families remain unchanged.

Question 3

Despite the revolutionary developments that have forestalled his predictions,Malthus made an important contribution by

Accepted Answer

Malthus' most significant contribution was his theory on population growth and resource limitations. He highlighted the potential consequences of unchecked population growth and the challenge of feeding a growing population with limited agricultural resources. Though his predictions did not come to pass due to technological advancements, his work spurred important discussions and research in population studies, resource limitations, and policies on sustainable development.

Question 4

Studies of the response of men and women to environmental issues indicate that

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that women often perceive themselves to be more at risk from environmental hazards compared to men, possibly due to differences in socialization, roles, and responsibilities.

Question 5

When making his projections on population,Malthus failed to foresee

Accepted Answer

Malthus failed to foresee all these factors - technological advances in agriculture, advances in medicine that prevented diseases, and widespread use of contraceptives. These factors have led to an increase in food production, a decrease in mortality rates, and a decrease in birth rates, which have resulted in population growth rates that are much slower than Malthus predicted.

Question 6

What is the major criticism of demographic transition theory?

Accepted Answer

The major criticism of demographic transition theory is that it is ethnocentric, as it was developed based on observations from Europe and North America and may not be applicable to other regions with different cultural and socioeconomic contexts.

Question 7

According totheory,a population grows faster than the subsistence needed to sustain it.

Accepted Answer

This statement is a key component of the Malthusian theory, which argues that population growth will eventually outstrip available resources, leading to famine, disease, and other forms of population control.

Question 8

Gradual transformations that affect many aspects of society are called.

Accepted Answer

Macrochanges refer to large-scale transformations that impact various facets of society over time.

Question 9

Among industrialized countries,the country with both the highest life expectancy and the lowest infant mortality rate is.

Accepted Answer

Japan currently has the highest life expectancy and lowest infant mortality rate of all industrialized nations. As of 2021, the life expectancy in Japan is 84.67 years and the infant mortality rate is 1.9 deaths per 1,000 live births. This is due in part to Japan's emphasis on preventative healthcare measures, high vaccination rates, and access to quality medical care.

Question 10

The Baby Boom cohort now comprises aboutof the entire population of the United States.

Accepted Answer

According to the US Census Bureau, as of 2020, the Baby Boom cohort (those born between 1946-1964) makes up approximately one-third (33%) of the US population.

Question 11

Malthus considered sexual abstinence to be aon population growth.

Accepted Answer

Malthus believed that sexual abstinence was a form of preventive check on population growth, as it could help to reduce the number of births and thereby limit the pressure on resources. He saw positive checks, such as disease or famine, as forms of natural population control that could reduce population growth through increased mortality rates. Positive influences and sources of decline are not relevant to Malthus' theory of population growth.

Question 12

In The Population Bomb,Paul Ehrlich argues that

Accepted Answer

In The Population Bomb, Paul Ehrlich argues that worldwide population growth has outgrown food production and that massive starvation must inevitably follow.

Question 13

In the United States,stage three of the demographic transition applies primarily to.

Accepted Answer

Stage three of the demographic transition is marked by declining birth rates and death rates due to improved healthcare, access to education, and a shift towards urbanization and industrialization. This stage began in the United States in the early 20th century and applies to the general population, including whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and American Indians. However, since the majority of the US population is white, it can be argued that it applies primarily to whites.

Question 14

Compared with other industrialized nations in terms of infant mortality and life expectancy,the U.S.

Accepted Answer

The United States ranks near the bottom compared to other industrialized nations in terms of infant mortality and life expectancy, meaning it has relatively high infant mortality rates and lower life expectancy.

Question 15

According totheory,populations go through predictable stages from high birth and death rates to a stable population with low birth and death rates.

Accepted Answer

The demographic transition theory explains that populations go through predictable stages from high birth and death rates to a stable population with low birth and death rates. This theory suggests that as a society progresses through industrialization and modernization, birth and death rates decline, leading to a stable population size.

Question 16

Malthus referred to famine,disease,and war aschecks on population growth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Malthus referred to famine,disease,and war aschecks on...

Question 17

The infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths each year of infants under the age of one.This measure is also a reflection of

Accepted Answer

The infant mortality rate measures the likelihood of survival for infants in a given population, which reflects the overall quality of life for that population. High infant mortality rates are often associated with poor healthcare, inadequate nutrition, and other factors that can affect the well-being of a community. Lower rates of infant mortality are generally seen as an indication of better quality of life and improved access to healthcare and other essential resources. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 18

The crude death rate,the number of deaths per 1000 people,is a good indicator of.

Accepted Answer

The crude death rate is an indicator of the standard of living, as areas with higher living standards tend to have lower death rates. It is not directly related to fertility, population growth, or crude birth rate.

Question 19

The bubonic plague in Europe from 1334 to 1354,the small pox epidemic in 1707 that devastated the populations of Mexico and the West Indies,and today's worldwide AIDS epidemic are alike to the extent that all are.

Accepted Answer

All three events are examples of "positive checks" on population growth, meaning they cause a reduction in population size. The bubonic plague and smallpox epidemics were highly contagious illnesses that killed a large percentage of those infected, leading to a decrease in population. The AIDS epidemic is also a significant cause of death and lowers the life expectancy of those infected, which can lead to a decrease in population growth. None of these events are primarily associated with sexual or racial minorities, and smallpox and the bubonic plague were not sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 20

theories of social change invoke patterns of structure and culture that are believed to recur at more or less regular intervals.

Accepted Answer

The theory of cyclical social change suggests that societies undergo a pattern of change that repeats itself at regular intervals, such as the rise and fall of civilizations.

Quiz 16: Environment, Population and Social Change