Question 1

The spleen has a relatively thin outer capsule and can actually burst due to a blow to the abdomen.A person whose spleen has burst
A)cannot survive.
B)cannot synthesize red blood cells.
C)cannot synthesize white blood cells.
D)may need antibiotic therapy.
E)may need blood transfusions to prevent anemia.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Which lymphoid organ has sinuses filled with blood instead of lymph?
A)thymus
B)lymph nodes
C)spleen
D)bone marrow
E)kidneys

Accepted Answer

The spleen has sinuses filled with blood instead of lymph, as it filters blood and removes old or damaged blood cells. The thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow all have sinuses filled with lymph. The kidneys are not a lymphoid organ.

Question 3

The larger lymphatic vessels are most similar in structure to
A)arteries.
B)cardiovascular veins.
C)capillaries.
D)intestinal villi.
E)nephron.

Accepted Answer

The larger lymphatic vessels are similar in structure to cardiovascular veins, as they both have three layers: an inner endothelial layer, a middle smooth muscle layer, and an outer connective tissue layer. Arteries have thicker smooth muscle layers and higher blood pressure, while capillaries are much smaller and lack a middle smooth muscle layer. Intestinal villi and nephrons are structures related to nutrient uptake and urine filtration, respectively, and are not closely related to the structure of lymphatic vessels.

Question 4

Innate immunity involves B and T cells since you were born with them.

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity primarily involves physical and chemical barriers, as well as innate immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. B and T cells are part of the adaptive immune response, which develops over time as a response to specific pathogens or foreign substances.

Question 5

Which of the following are NOT considered lymphoid organs?
A)bone marrow
B)thymus
C)spleen
D)lymph nodes
E)kidneys

Accepted Answer

Kidneys are not part of the lymphatic system and are not considered lymphoid organs.

Question 6

Disease-causing agents like viruses or bacteria are considered a(n)
A)antibody.
B)vaccine.
C)thrombin.
D)allergen.
E)pathogen.

Accepted Answer

Disease-causing agents like viruses or bacteria are called pathogens. Choice A (antibody) is a protein produced by the body's immune system to target and destroy pathogens. Choice B (vaccine) is a product that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen. Choice C (thrombin) is an enzyme involved in blood clotting and is not related to pathogens. Choice D (allergen) is a substance that triggers an allergic reaction and is not necessarily a pathogen.

Question 7

Edema can be caused by
A)accumulation of tissue fluid.
B)abnormally high amount of plasma proteins.
C)the kidney excreting too little protein.
D)too much tissue fluid drainage.
E)drinking more water than normal.

Accepted Answer

Edema is defined as the accumulation of excessive fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces. This is caused by various factors such as increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased colloid osmotic pressure, obstruction of lymphatic drainage, or an increase in capillary permeability. Option A accurately describes the accumulation of tissue fluid as a cause of edema. The other options do not accurately describe the underlying mechanism of edema formation.

Question 8

Inflammation does not involve
A)phagocytes.
B)neutrophils.
C)mast cells.
D)macrophages.
E)B cells.

Accepted Answer

B cells are not directly involved in the inflammatory response. They are involved in adaptive immunity, specifically in producing antibodies to target pathogens. Phagocytes (A), neutrophils (B), mast cells (C), and macrophages (D) are all types of immune cells that are involved in the inflammatory response.

Question 9

Earlier in the history of Western medicine,surgeons did not know the immune function of the thymus gland and it was sometimes removed in children.What symptoms would you now predict these patients might display afterward?
A)increased inflammatory and allergic responses to foreign material including viruses
B)reduced ability to recognize foreign material and distinguish it from body proteins
C)serious problems after receiving blood transfusions of any type of blood
D)complete rejection of all normal body tissues
E)failure to produce any white blood cells

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland is responsible for the development and maturation of T-cells, which are important in recognizing and attacking foreign materials in the body. Without the thymus gland, patients are expected to have a reduced ability to recognize foreign material and distinguish it from body proteins. This can lead to autoimmunity where the body attacks itself or an increased susceptibility to infections.

Question 10

Lymph is
A)excreted by the kidneys.
B)returned to the circulatory system via arteries.
C)returned to the circulatory system at the subclavian vein.
D)absorbed by tissues.
E)excreted as sweat.

Accepted Answer

Lymph is returned to the circulatory system at the subclavian vein, where it mixes with blood and is then transported back to the heart. Option A is incorrect because excretion by the kidneys refers to urine, not lymph. Option B is incorrect because lymph is not returned to the circulatory system via arteries; rather, it flows through lymphatic vessels. Option D is incorrect because the tissues do not absorb lymph; rather, lymph is produced by interstitial fluid that is absorbed by lymphatic vessels. Option E is incorrect because sweat is produced by sweat glands, not the lymphatic system.

Question 11

How is a lymph capillary like a blood capillary?
A)Both contain blood.
B)Both contain valves.
C)Both have thin walls.
D)Both are connected to the vena cava.
E)Both systems run parallel through all body tissues.

Accepted Answer

Both lymphatic and blood capillaries have thin walls that allow for exchange of fluids and cells between the capillaries and surrounding tissues. However, lymph capillaries do not contain blood and do not have valves, and the lymphatic system does not run parallel to the blood vessels in all body tissues.

Question 12

During surgery for breast cancer,surgeons will often remove lymph nodes in the armpit.What is the most likely reason for this?
A)If any cancer cells have entered the lymph,they will travel to the closest lymph nodes,which are in the armpit.
B)Lymph nodes in the armpit are responsible for breast cancer.
C)Lymph nodes that are close to the surgical incision would prevent healing following the surgery.
D)Lymph nodes in the armpit become useless because of the surgery and can be removed without problem.
E)Lymph nodes do not help a person and are better removed before they become infected.

Accepted Answer

Lymph nodes act as filters for lymphatic fluid and can trap cancer cells that have spread from a primary tumor. If cancer cells have entered the lymphatic system, they are likely to travel to the nearest lymph nodes, which are often located in the armpit. Removing these lymph nodes allows doctors to test them for cancerous cells and to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast.

Question 13

Elephantiasis is a tropical disease where small nematode larvae block the lymphatic ducts.As a result,the legs become large like those of an elephant and the scrotum and arms may also swell.This problem would be a severe form of
A)hemorrhoids.
B)phlebitis.
C)anemia.
D)angina.
E)edema.

Accepted Answer

Elephantiasis is a condition where an excessive accumulation of fluids occurs in the body tissues, leading to severe edema and swelling. It is caused by a parasitic infection which blocks the lymphatic system, preventing the proper drainage of fluids from the tissue spaces. As a result, the affected area becomes swollen and enlarged, resembling the skin texture of an elephant.

Question 14

An antihistamine counters the effects of a histamine.Which of the following is NOT an effect of a histamine?
A)Increased blood flow brings more white blood cells to the site of injury or invasion.
B)Capillary dilation increases blood flow and causes surface redness.
C)Increased blood flow and permeability increase the fluids in the tissues,causing them to swell.
D)Increased blood flow brings more warmth to the area,causing a local "fever" that helps white blood cells and suppresses microbes.
E)Decreased blood flow inhibits a pathogen from spreading throughout the body.

Accepted Answer

Histamine does not decrease blood flow; instead, it increases blood flow and permeability. Option E is the only option that does not describe an effect of histamine.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the lymphatic system?
A)The lymphatic system protects the body from disease.
B)The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
C)The fluid inside lymphatic vessels is called lymph.
D)The lymphatic system absorbs fats at the villi and transports them to the bloodstream.
E)The lymphatic system consists of blood vessels and lymphoid organs.

Accepted Answer

All of the other statements are correct about the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system consists of lymphoid organs (like lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus) and lymphatic vessels, which transport lymph fluid.

Question 16

Which of the following lymphoid organs is largest during a person's childhood but shrinks in adulthood?
A)tonsils
B)lymph nodes
C)spleen
D)bone marrow
E)thymus

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland is the largest lymphoid organ during childhood but it shrinks in size during adulthood.

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true in regards to the inflammatory reaction?
A)The skin becomes reddened and swollen.
B)Swelling initiates pain nerve impulses.
C)Increased capillary permeability causes more proteins and fluids to escape.
D)Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria in the wound.
E)Neutrophils change into macrophages that act as scavengers.

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils do not change into macrophages. They are two separate types of immune cells. Macrophages are derived from monocytes, which are a different type of white blood cell.

Question 18

Which lymphatic duct will drain the abdomen?
A)lymph capillaries
B)right lymphatic duct
C)left lymphatic duct
D)thoracic duct
E)inguinal duct

Accepted Answer

The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and drains lymph from the lower half of the body (including the abdomen), the left side of the head, neck and chest, and the left arm. Therefore, it is the duct that will drain the abdomen.

Question 19

Edema cannot be caused by
A)increased amounts of tissue fluid.
B)not enough tissue fluid being drained away.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)increased capillary osmotic pressure.
E)poor circulation such as constricted veins during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Edema is caused by an imbalance of forces that result in an accumulation of tissue fluid. An increase in capillary osmotic pressure is not a cause of edema, but rather a protective mechanism to prevent edema by drawing fluid back into the capillaries. The other options listed all contribute to the development of edema.

Question 20

Which statement is NOT true about the lymphatic system?
A)It takes up excess tissue fluid at the site of capillaries.
B)Lymph contains the same proteins as found in the blood.
C)It helps defend the body against disease.
D)It contains lymph that may have fat in it.
E)Lymph is tissue fluid that has entered a lymph vessel.

Accepted Answer

Lymph does not contain the same proteins as those found in the blood. While both blood and lymph contain proteins, lymph is composed of a mixture of fluids from the extracellular spaces and the lymphatic vessels that drain them. It contains lymphocytes, which help to fight off infection, as well as other immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells.

Quiz 13: Lymphatic and Immune Systems

The spleen has a relatively thin outer capsule and can actually burst due to a blow to the abdomen.A person whose spleen has burst

Which lymphoid organ has sinuses filled with blood instead of lymph?

The larger lymphatic vessels are most similar in structure to

Innate immunity involves B and T cells since you were born with them.

Which of the following are NOT considered lymphoid organs?

Disease-causing agents like viruses or bacteria are considered a(n)

Edema can be caused by

Inflammation does not involve

Earlier in the history of Western medicine,surgeons did not know the immune function of the thymus gland and it was sometimes removed in children.What symptoms would you now predict these patients might display afterward?

Lymph is

How is a lymph capillary like a blood capillary?

During surgery for breast cancer,surgeons will often remove lymph nodes in the armpit.What is the most likely reason for this?

Elephantiasis is a tropical disease where small nematode larvae block the lymphatic ducts.As a result,the legs become large like those of an elephant and the scrotum and arms may also swell.This problem would be a severe form of

An antihistamine counters the effects of a histamine.Which of the following is NOT an effect of a histamine?

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the lymphatic system?

Which of the following lymphoid organs is largest during a person's childhood but shrinks in adulthood?

Which statement is NOT true in regards to the inflammatory reaction?

Which lymphatic duct will drain the abdomen?

Edema cannot be caused by

Which statement is NOT true about the lymphatic system?