Question 1

Which of the following best describes a nurse thinking at stage 5 of Kohlberg's Moral Developmental Theory?
A) "The client has a right to decide whether or not to proceed with the treatment plan."
B) "The hospital's policies and procedures are excellent tools for making client oriented decisions."
C) "It won't be fair to expect to get every weekend and holiday off,so I'll certainly work my share."
D) "If you don't keep client information confidential you could be terminated immediately."

Accepted Answer

The individual also recognizes that different social groups have different values but believes that all rational people would agree on basic rights,such as liberty and life.(Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation).Moral decisions take into account societal perspectives.Right behavior is doing one's duty,showing respect for authority,and maintaining the social order.(Stage 4: Society-Maintaining Orientation).The principles of justice require the individual to treat everyone in an impartial manner,respecting the basic dignity of all people,and guides the individual to base decisions on an equal respect for all.(Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation).Avoidance of punishment or the unquestioning deference to authority is the characteristic motivation to behave.(Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation)

Question 2

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has reported symptoms suggestive of depression.Which of the following questions asked by the nurse is most therapeutic in assessing the client's perception of the impact depression has had on her life?
A) "What does it mean to be depressed?"
B) "How does being depressed make you feel?"
C) "Were you happy before becoming depressed?"
D) "What makes you think that you are depressed?"

Accepted Answer

Understanding the older person's concept of depression assists nurses in explaining complementary and alternative treatment measures.Asking how depression make the client feel or whether the client was previously happy are best saved until the client defines depression and is open to the possibility of being depressed.Asking what makes the client think they are depressed could be interpreted as being somewhat threatening and may interfere with the client's desire to talk about the situation.

Question 3

Which of the following client statements made by an older adult best reflects an understanding of the decrease in physical strength and stamina in this developmental stage?
A) "I know I'm not as young as I use to be."
B) "I just hire help with jobs I can't do myself."
C) "You get older you can't do as much,that's life."
D) "I have to ask my son for help with the yard work."

Accepted Answer

A common behavioral task of the older adult client is adjusting to decreasing physical strength.This option reflects the best adjustment because the client has developed a plan for coping.While the other options appear to address the issue,they do not present any proof of the client's healthy acceptance or adjustment to the decrease in physical strength and stamina.

Question 4

To help a comatose client's family make a moral decision regarding the termination of life support,the nurse must first:
A) Refrain from expressing his/her personal beliefs concerning the life support issue
B) Provide the family with information regarding the process of terminating life support
C) Determine whether the client had expressed any written or oral wishes regarding the issue
D) Facilitate the family's decision-making process by providing them with a quiet,private space for discussion

Accepted Answer

Nurses need to know their own moral reasoning level.Recognizing one's own moral developmental level is essential in separating your own beliefs from others when helping clients with their moral decision-making process.Information regarding the process of terminating life support should be provided only after the family makes their decision or has asked for the information.To not influence the family,the nurse must first refrain from interjecting any personal feelings about the termination of life support measures.

Question 5

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child who is scheduled for outpatient surgery.Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that the nurse can help the child cope with the stressors of this hospital experience best by:
A) Arranging for the parents to be with the child until the anesthetic takes affect
B) Explaining the entire process with the child using age-appropriate language
C) Using play as a means of familiarizing the child with the events he will experience
D) Providing the child with a coloring book that shows the events he will be experiencing

Accepted Answer

Play becomes a primary means by which children foster their cognitive development and learn about the world.Nursing interventions during this period will recognize the use of play as the way the child understands the events taking place.You will assist parents in the use of play materials such as thermometers,blood pressure equipment,and play needles that will allow children to communicate feelings about health care procedures they experience.Arranging for the parents to be with the child until the anesthetic takes affect may be an appropriate intervention but it does not reflect effective care suggested by Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Explaining the entire process with the child using age-appropriate language would be more appropriate for the older child.Providing the child with a coloring book that shows the events he will be experiencing

Question 6

Which of the following nursing responses is most therapeutic when made in response to a parent's concern about her 3-year-old child's tendency to "break the rules"?
A) "Just keep reminding her of the rules."
B) "Daycare will help her learn to play fair."
C) "She will begin to understand that concept in a year or so."
D) "Add an age appropriate punishment for breaking the rules."

Accepted Answer

The first stage,heteronomous morality,occurs between 4 and 7 years and is characterized by a belief that rules are unchangeable and that when a rule is broken,there is imminent justice.Before that stage,the child is not able to fully understand rules or other moral issues.While telling the client to keep reminding her of the rules may be useful,it does not help assure the parent that the child is displaying normal,age-appropriate behavior.While socialization will often have a positive effect on a child's sense of fair play,this option does not help assure the parent that the child is displaying normal,age-appropriate behavior.The child is too young to understand the concept that makes punishment effective in acquiring fair play.

Quiz 11: Developmental Theories

Which of the following best describes a nurse thinking at stage 5 of Kohlberg's Moral Developmental Theory?

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who has reported symptoms suggestive of depression.Which of the following questions asked by the nurse is most therapeutic in assessing the client's perception of the impact depression has had on her life?

Which of the following client statements made by an older adult best reflects an understanding of the decrease in physical strength and stamina in this developmental stage?

To help a comatose client's family make a moral decision regarding the termination of life support,the nurse must first:

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child who is scheduled for outpatient surgery.Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that the nurse can help the child cope with the stressors of this hospital experience best by:

Which of the following nursing responses is most therapeutic when made in response to a parent's concern about her 3-year-old child's tendency to "break the rules"?