Question 1

The classical approaches as a whole were criticized because
A) they overemphasized the relationship between an organization and its external environment.
B) they assumed employees wanted to work and could direct and control themselves.
C) most managers were not trained in using the classical approaches.
D) they usually stressed one aspect of an organization or its employees at the expense of other considerations.
E) many aspects of a management decision could not be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas.

Accepted Answer

The classical approaches were criticized for stressing one aspect of an organization or its employees at the expense of other considerations. For example, scientific management focused on efficiency and productivity, while ignoring the social and psychological needs of workers. Similarly, administrative management emphasized structure and hierarchy, but overlooked the importance of employee motivation and communication.

Question 2

McGregor advocated a _____, suggesting that managers who encourage participation and allow opportunities for individual challenge and initiative would achieve superior performance.
A) Theory X perspective
B) Theory Y perspective
C) bureaucratic approach
D) human relations approach
E) contingency perspective

Accepted Answer

McGregor's theory, known as Theory Y, suggests that managers who trust and empower their employees, encourage participation, and allow opportunities for individual challenge and initiative would achieve superior performance. Theory X, on the other hand, assumes that employees are inherently lazy and require coercion to achieve work goals. The bureaucratic approach emphasizes rules and regulations, whereas the human relations approach stresses employee satisfaction and social aspects of work. The contingency perspective suggests that the most effective approach depends on the specific situation.

Question 3

Which of the following is a contemporary approach to management?
A) scientific management
B) human relations
C) administrative management
D) systematic management
E) quantitative management

Accepted Answer

Quantitative management is a contemporary approach that focuses on using data and quantitative methods to improve decision making, productivity, and efficiency. This approach is commonly used in fields such as operations management, supply chain management, and project management. The other options (scientific management, human relations, administrative management, and systematic management) are historical approaches to management that were developed in the early 20th century.

Question 4

Which contemporary approach to management has been used in a limited manner because many aspects of a management decision cannot be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas?
A) Organizational behavior
B) Systematic management
C) Quantitative management
D) Human relations
E) Administrative management

Accepted Answer

Quantitative management relies heavily on mathematical models and statistical analysis to inform decision-making. While this approach has its benefits, there are many aspects of management that cannot be quantified or reduced to formulas, such as intuition, creativity, and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, this approach has limitations and cannot be relied upon exclusively for all management decisions.

Question 5

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, which of the following refers to systematically reward efforts that support the organization's direction?
A) remuneration
B) centralization
C) scalar chain
D) equity
E) esprit de corps

Accepted Answer

Remuneration refers to the systematic reward system for employees that support the organization's direction. Henri Fayol considered it essential to motivate employees and retain talent within the organization.

Question 6

What is a feature of organizational behavior?
A) The more recent contributions made by organizational behavior have a narrower viewpoint.
B) Unlike other approaches, it has always been appreciated for its broad perspective.
C) It does not address factors like employee involvement and self-management.
D) Through the years, organizational behavior has consistently emphasized development of an organizations' human resources to achieve organizational rather than individual goals.
E) In the past few years, many of the primary issues addressed by organizational behavior have experienced a rebirth with a greater interest in leadership.

Accepted Answer

Organizational behavior has seen a renewed focus on leadership and other primary issues in recent years, reflecting evolving interests and challenges in the field.

Question 7

Which of the following is an input used by organizations?
A) raw materials
B) trademarks
C) esprit de corps
D) contingencies
E) incentives

Accepted Answer

Raw materials are inputs used by organizations in the production process. Trademarks are more likely to be considered as assets rather than inputs. Esprit de corps, contingencies, and incentives are more intangible factors that may influence the organization but cannot be considered as direct inputs.

Question 8

A manager assumes workers are lazy and irresponsible and require constant supervision and external motivation to achieve organizational goals. Which of the following does the manager most likely follow?
A) Theory X
B) sociotechnical systems approach
C) bureaucracy approach
D) human relations approach
E) systems theory

Accepted Answer

The manager's assumption about workers being lazy and irresponsible and requiring constant supervision and external motivation aligns with Theory X of management which assumes that employees are inherently lazy, need to be closely supervised, and require external motivation to perform well.

Question 9

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, which of the following refers to promoting a unity of interest between employees and management?
A) remuneration
B) discipline
C) esprit de corps
D) centralization
E) scalar chain

Accepted Answer

"Esprit de corps" refers to promoting team spirit and a sense of unity among employees, which creates a common interest between them and management. This principle emphasizes the importance of creating a positive work environment and promoting employee satisfaction, which can lead to increased productivity and efficiency.

Question 10

When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision, the employees eventually meet the manager's expectations by acting that way. According to Douglas McGregor, this is known as
A) a contingency.
B) an open system.
C) a physiological need.
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) a bureaucratic approach.

Accepted Answer

This is known as a self-fulfilling prophecy, where a person's expectations about another person or group eventually lead that person or group to behave in ways that confirm the original expectations. In this case, the manager's negative expectations about the employees lead them to behave in a way that aligns with those expectations.

Question 11

Research on _____ promoted the use of teamwork and semiautonomous work groups as important factors for creating efficient production systems.
A) organizational behavior
B) bureaucracy
C) sociotechnical systems theory
D) human relations
E) administrative management

Accepted Answer

Sociotechnical systems theory emphasizes the importance of teamwork and semiautonomous work groups in creating effective production systems. This theory emphasizes the integration of technology and social aspects of work, including team dynamics and collaboration.

Question 12

Taylor's theory is criticized because it
A) ignored job-related social and psychological factors by emphasizing only money as a worker incentive.
B) was vested in too many people.
C) was too simplistic to be applicable to the real world.
D) treated the principles as universal truths for management.
E) promoted a unity of interest between employees and management.

Accepted Answer

Taylor's theory, also known as scientific management, is often criticized for emphasizing only money as a worker incentive and ignoring social and psychological factors that can also motivate employees. Many argue that this oversimplifies the complex nature of work and worker motivation.

Question 13

What explains the limited use of quantitative management?
A) It is difficult to discontinue the use of this process once it has been established.
B) Many of the decisions managers face are nonroutine and unpredictable.
C) Managers are oriented more toward things than toward people.
D) It holds that all aspects of a management decision should mandatorily be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas.
E) It believes that economic needs have precedence over social needs.

Accepted Answer

Many of the decisions managers face are nonroutine and unpredictable, which makes it difficult to use quantitative management which relies heavily on mathematical analysis and precise data.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of the sociotechnical systems theory?
A) It emphasizes the perspective of senior managers within the organization and argues that management is a profession and can be taught.
B) It suggests that organizations are effective when their employees have the right tools, training, and knowledge to make products and services that are valued by customers.
C) It believes that bureaucratic structures can eliminate the variability that results when managers in the same organization have different skills, experiences, and goals.
D) It advocates the application of scientific methods to analyze work and to determine how to complete production tasks efficiently.
E) It attempts to build specific procedures and processes into operations to ensure coordination of effort.

Accepted Answer

The sociotechnical systems theory emphasizes the importance of both social and technical elements in organizations, and suggests that organizations are effective when their employees have the right tools, training, and knowledge to make products and services that are valued by customers. This goes beyond just emphasizing the perspective of senior managers or advocating for specific procedures and processes, as the theory takes a holistic approach to organizational effectiveness.

Question 15

In the context of contemporary approaches to management, managers may use _____ to compare alternatives and eliminate weaker options.
A) quantitative management
B) organizational behavior
C) the sociotechnical systems theory
D) the contingency perspective
E) administrative management

Accepted Answer

Quantitative management emphasizes the use of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to aid in managerial decision making. This includes using models to compare different alternatives and analyze the potential outcomes of each option. By applying quantitative analysis, managers can eliminate weaker options and make more informed decisions.

Question 16

_____ is a contemporary management approach that studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the complex and dynamic nature of individual, group, and organizational processes.
A) Quantitative management
B) Organizational behavior
C) Systems theory
D) Contingency perspective
E) Sociotechnical systems theory

Accepted Answer

Organizational behavior is a contemporary management approach that studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the complex and dynamic nature of individual, group, and organizational processes.

Question 17

Which is the correct statement about the sociotechnical systems theory?
A) Most organizations did not adopt the sociotechnical systems theory for management problems until the year 2000.
B) It was the first major approach to emphasize informal work relationships and worker satisfaction.
C) It was developed in the early 1950s by researchers from the London-based Tavistock Institute of Human Relations.
D) It emphasized the perspective of senior managers within an organization.
E) It emphasized a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions in an organization.

Accepted Answer

The sociotechnical systems theory was developed in the early 1950s by researchers from the London-based Tavistock Institute of Human Relations. Option A is incorrect because the theory has been in use since the 1950s. Option B is incorrect because the sociotechnical systems theory does not emphasize worker satisfaction as its primary focus. Option D is incorrect because the theory does not only emphasize the perspective of senior managers. Option E is incorrect because the theory emphasizes informal work relationships rather than a structured, formal network of specialized positions.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of the systems theory?
A) It emphasizes that an organization is one system in a series of subsystems.
B) It implements a piecerate system in which workers are paid additional wages when they exceed a standard level of output for each job.
C) It enforces a system that suggests that frontline supervisors should receive a bonus for each of their workers who completed their assigned daily tasks.
D) It develops a system to lower costs and increase worker productivity by showing how employees could work smarter, not harder.
E) It suggests that organizations are effective when they have the social system and the technical system to make products and services that are valued by customers.

Accepted Answer

E  Systems theory emphasizes that an organization is one system in a series of subsystems (A) and suggests that organizations are effective when they integrate both social and technical systems to produce valued products and services (E).

Question 19

Who suggested that frontline supervisors should receive a bonus for each of their workers who completed their assigned daily tasks?
A) Adam Smith
B) Henri Fayol
C) Henry Gantt
D) Abraham Maslow
E) Max Weber

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that frontline supervisors should receive a bonus for each of their workers who completed their assigned daily tasks is known as the Gantt Bonus System, which was developed by Henry Gantt.

Question 20

This approach to management owes much to other major schools of thought. For example, many of the ideas of the Gilbreths scientific management) and Barnard and Follett administrative management) influenced its development from 1930 to 1955. In fact, it emerged from a research project that began as a scientific management study. Which classical approach to management has been described here?
A) administrative management
B) systematic management
C) scientific management
D) human relations
E) bureaucracy

Accepted Answer

The human relations approach to management is described here. It emerged from the Hawthorne Studies, which began as a scientific management study and was influenced by the ideas of the Gilbreths, Barnard, and Follett.

Quiz 2: The Evolution of Management

The classical approaches as a whole were criticized because

McGregor advocated a _____, suggesting that managers who encourage participation and allow opportunities for individual challenge and initiative would achieve superior performance.

Which of the following is a contemporary approach to management?

Which contemporary approach to management has been used in a limited manner because many aspects of a management decision cannot be expressed through mathematical symbols and formulas?

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, which of the following refers to systematically reward efforts that support the organization's direction?

What is a feature of organizational behavior?

Which of the following is an input used by organizations?

A manager assumes workers are lazy and irresponsible and require constant supervision and external motivation to achieve organizational goals. Which of the following does the manager most likely follow?

According to Henri Fayol's principles of management, which of the following refers to promoting a unity of interest between employees and management?

When a manager treats employees as lazy, unmotivated, and in need of tight supervision, the employees eventually meet the manager's expectations by acting that way. According to Douglas McGregor, this is known as

Research on _____ promoted the use of teamwork and semiautonomous work groups as important factors for creating efficient production systems.

Taylor's theory is criticized because it

What explains the limited use of quantitative management?

Which of the following is true of the sociotechnical systems theory?

In the context of contemporary approaches to management, managers may use _____ to compare alternatives and eliminate weaker options.

_____ is a contemporary management approach that studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the complex and dynamic nature of individual, group, and organizational processes.

Which is the correct statement about the sociotechnical systems theory?

Which of the following statements is true of the systems theory?

Who suggested that frontline supervisors should receive a bonus for each of their workers who completed their assigned daily tasks?