Question 1

__________ is a long-acting formulation of morphine.

Accepted Answer

MS-Contin is a brand name for a long-acting formulation of morphine. Rylomine and Monoacetylmorphine are not used to describe any formulation of morphine. Fentanyl is a strong pain reliever, but it is not a formulation of morphine.

Question 2

In comparison to morphine,heroin is ______ times more potent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In comparison to morphine,heroin is ______ times...

Question 3

In urine tests,heroin use is confirmed by the presence of:

Accepted Answer

6-monoacetylmorphine is a metabolite of heroin that is only present in urine for a short period of time after use, making it a specific and reliable marker for recent heroin use. Morphine and codeine are also metabolites of heroin, but they can also be present in urine as a result of other drug use or prescription medication, making them less specific indicators of heroin use. Morphine-6-glucuronide is a metabolite of morphine, not heroin.

Question 4

The metabolism of heroin produces:

Accepted Answer

When heroin is metabolized in the body, it is first converted to its active metabolite, monoacetylmorphine. This metabolite is then further metabolized into morphine, which is responsible for the drug's pain relieving effects. Therefore, heroin metabolism produces both monoacetylmorphine and morphine.

Question 5

Remoxy and Acurox are different formulations of:

Accepted Answer

Remoxy and Acurox are both brand names for extended-release formulations of oxycodone.

Question 6

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors:

Accepted Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can inhibit the metabolism of codeine into its active form, morphine, by inhibiting the CYP2D6 enzyme, thereby potentially reducing its effectiveness in pain relief.

Question 7

An important issue for depressed patients prescribed codeine for pain is that:

Accepted Answer

Several common SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can block the conversion of codeine to its active form, morphine, which can lead to reduced pain relief and potential negative side effects. It is important for clinicians to consider this drug interaction when prescribing opioids for depressed patients on SSRIs.

Question 8

Of the following,the __________ is the major difference between morphine and heroin.

Accepted Answer

The major difference between morphine and heroin is their rate of absorption. Heroin is converted to morphine in the brain, leading to a more rapid onset of action when compared to morphine. This results in a faster onset of the drug's effects, but also increases the risk of overdose and addiction due to the faster and more intense high.

Question 9

The first-pass metabolism of morphine produces:

Accepted Answer

Morphine undergoes first-pass metabolism primarily in the liver, producing morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide. Among these, morphine-6-glucuronide is pharmacologically active, contributing to the analgesic effects of morphine. Codeine is not a metabolite of morphine; rather, it is a separate opioid that can be metabolized into morphine in the body.

Question 10

Carissa has become addicted to heroin.She comes from a family with substantial financial resources.Following a suggestion,her parents want her to try ______-aided or -assisted detoxification treatment,a controversial form of therapy.

Accepted Answer

Rapid anesthesia-aided detoxification is a controversial form of therapy for heroin addiction, involving sedation and administration of medications to quickly remove opioids from the body.

Question 11

The use of codeine is problematic because:

Accepted Answer

Codeine is metabolized into morphine, not heroin. About 10 percent of Americans have a genetic variation that causes them to metabolize codeine into morphine more rapidly, which can lead to higher morphine levels and potential toxicity.

Question 12

Clonidine (Catapress)is a potent alpha-2-agonist that suppresses activity of locus coeruleus neurons.Based on your knowledge of the physiology of withdrawal,you would expect clonidine to:

Accepted Answer

Clonidine, being an alpha-2-agonist, reduces the sympathetic outflow, leading to decreased withdrawal symptoms during opiate withdrawal. It decreases the release of norepinephrine and can also reduce craving in dependent individuals. Therefore, clonidine would be expected to decrease the severity of opiate withdrawal.

Question 13

______ is no longer sold in the United States because of reports of potential fatal heart rhythm abnormalities induced by the drug.

Accepted Answer

Darvon is the only drug on the list that has been linked to potential fatal heart rhythm abnormalities and is no longer sold in the United States. Percodan, Fentanyl, and Demerol are still available for prescription use.

Question 14

Codeine is metabolized to:

Accepted Answer

Codeine is metabolized to morphine, which is responsible for its analgesic effects.

Question 15

The main difference between OxyContin and Percodan is that OxyContin:

Accepted Answer

OxyContin is a long-acting opiate medication that is intended to be taken every 12 hours, while Percodan is a short-acting opiate medication that is intended to be taken every 4-6 hours. This difference in duration of action is the main reason why OxyContin is often preferred for chronic pain management, while Percodan is typically used for short-term pain relief.

Question 16

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statement is TRUE?
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Question 17

Of the prescription pain medications,_______ is currently the most commonly abused drug.

Accepted Answer

According to current statistics and studies, Vicodin (hydrocodone) is the most commonly abused prescription pain medication.

Question 18

To curb prescription drug abuse,all of the following represent approaches that the pharmaceutical industry is trying EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The pharmaceutical industry is actively pursuing approaches to curb prescription drug abuse by reformulating existing opioid drugs, developing new compounds that do not work through the typical opiate pathways, and investigating novel opiate substances that are more resistant to tampering. However, the development of online continuing education programs for physicians is primarily the responsibility of professional medical organizations, rather than the pharmaceutical industry.

Question 19

All of the following alkaloids (plant-derived amines)can be isolated from the poppy plant EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from morphine and not directly isolated from the poppy plant. The other alkaloids - papaverine, morphine, and codeine - can all be isolated directly from the poppy plant.

Question 20

Of the following,__________ is the most potent opiate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the following,__________ is the most potent...

Quiz 10: Opioid Analgesics