Question 1

Caitlyn is going through treatment for alcohol addiction.Her physician has prescribed lamotrigine (Lamictal)as part of her treatment. This drug _____ glutamate release and _____ craving for alcohol.
A)increases; decreases
B)decreases; increases
C)decreases; decreases
D)increases; increases

Accepted Answer

Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant drug that works by decreasing glutamate release, which can help reduce alcohol cravings in individuals undergoing addiction treatment. Therefore, the correct choice is C, which states that lamotrigine decreases both glutamate release and alcohol craving.

Question 2

__________ is the most common cause of death in alcoholics.
A)Respiratory arrest
B)Cardiac arrest
C)Stroke
D)Liver damage

Accepted Answer

Chronic alcohol consumption can cause liver damage, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and fatty liver disease, which can ultimately lead to liver failure and death. Therefore, liver damage is the most common cause of death in alcoholics.

Question 3

All of the following are features of fetal alcohol syndrome EXCEPT:
A)central nervous system dysfunction.
B)retarded growth rate.
C)facial abnormalities.
D)schizophrenic symptoms.

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition that results from prenatal exposure to alcohol. It is characterized by central nervous system dysfunction, retarded growth rate, and facial abnormalities. However, schizophrenia symptoms are not typically associated with FAS.

Question 4

All of the following are factors which are known to promote the development of alcoholism EXCEPT:
A)self-medication of psychological distress.
B)impulse control problems.
C)heavy coffee drinking.
D)drinking at an early age.

Accepted Answer

Heavy coffee drinking is not known to promote the development of alcoholism. In fact, some studies suggest that caffeine may have a protective effect against alcoholism. Factors such as self-medication of psychological distress, impulse control problems, and drinking at an early age have all been linked to a higher risk of developing alcoholism.

Question 5

_____ are used in acute alcohol withdrawal or detoxification but are limited due to potential physical dependence.
A)Cannabinoid receptor antagonists
B)Anticonvulsants
C)Antidepressants
D)Benzodiazepines

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are commonly used in acute alcohol withdrawal or detoxification, as they can help manage symptoms such as anxiety, seizures, and insomnia. However, they are limited in use due to the potential for physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms with long-term use.

Question 6

Christopher enjoys a number of different inhalants that he finds rewarding due to the sense of euphoria and hallucinogenic experience he gets when using these substances.These effects are likely due to the presence of:
A)nitrous oxide.
B)butane.
C)helium.
D)toluene.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Christopher enjoys a number of different inhalants...

Question 7

__________ and __________ are two of the greatest health risks for chronic alcoholics.
A)kidney disease; vitamin deficiency
B)liver disease; Korsakoff's syndrome
C)kidney disease; Korsakoff's syndrome
D)kidney disease; liver disease

Accepted Answer

Liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatitis, is a well-known consequence of chronic alcoholism due to the liver's role in alcohol metabolism. Korsakoff's syndrome is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), which is common in alcoholics due to poor dietary habits and alcohol's interference with vitamin absorption.

Question 8

______ is an alcohol-sensitizing drug that is used to deter drinking.
A)Disulfiram (Antabuse)
B)Clonidine (Catapress)
C)Naltrexone
D)Acamprosate (Campral)

Accepted Answer

Disulfiram (Antabuse) is specifically designed to deter drinking by making the individual sick if they consume alcohol while taking the medication. It works by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for breaking down alcohol, leading to a buildup of toxic byproducts in the body. This results in unpleasant and potentially dangerous side effects such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and rapid heartbeat. Clonidine (Catapress) is a medication used primarily to treat high blood pressure, while Naltrexone and Acamprosate are medications used to reduce cravings and relapse in individuals who have already stopped drinking.

Question 9

Tami has some issues with alcohol consumption,but she does not drink excessively.Still,evidence suggests that ______ may provide some benefit to her and control impulsive behavior that could lead to addiction.
A)opioids
B)SSRIs
C)acetylcholine
D)SNPs

Accepted Answer

SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) have been shown in some studies to have a positive effect on reducing impulsive behavior and potentially reducing the risk of addiction. While opioids can be used to treat addiction, they are not recommended for individuals who do not have a substance abuse disorder. Acetylcholine and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) are not relevant to this situation.

Question 10

Long-acting benzodiazepines may be used during alcohol withdrawal because they:
A)eliminate drug craving.
B)suppress withdrawal symptoms.
C)stimulate glutamate activity.
D)suppress seizure activity.

Accepted Answer

Long-acting benzodiazepines are used during alcohol withdrawal to suppress withdrawal symptoms, such as tremors, anxiety, and seizures. They do not eliminate drug craving or stimulate glutamate activity.

Question 11

All of the following are pharmacotherapies to help maintain abstinence and prevent relapse EXCEPT:
A)benzodiazepines
B)opiate antagonists
C)disulfram
D)acamprosate

Accepted Answer

Benzodiazepines are primarily used for the treatment of anxiety, seizures, and sometimes for the acute management of alcohol withdrawal, not for maintaining abstinence or preventing relapse in substance use disorders. Opiate antagonists (like naltrexone), disulfiram, and acamprosate are used to support abstinence and prevent relapse in individuals recovering from alcohol and opioid dependence.

Question 12

__________ is the most serious physiological long-term consequence of excessive alcohol consumption.
A)Respiratory arrest
B)Cardiac arrest
C)Stroke
D)Liver damage

Accepted Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause liver damage over time, leading to serious health consequences such as liver failure, cirrhosis, and even death. The liver is responsible for filtering toxins from the body, including alcohol, and prolonged excessive drinking can cause irreversible damage to liver cells. Other health consequences such as cardiovascular disease and stroke can also occur, but liver damage is the most serious long-term consequence.

Question 13

Comorbid alcohol abuse and aggressive behaviors may be treated with:
A)antidepressants.
B)anticonvulsant mood stabilizers.
C)barbiturates.
D)benzodiazepines.

Accepted Answer

Anticonvulsant mood stabilizers, such as valproic acid, have been shown to be effective in reducing both alcohol use and aggressive behaviors. Antidepressants, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines have not been specifically shown to be effective for this comorbidity.

Question 14

Disulfiram (Antabuse)is useful in treating alcoholics because it inhibits the:
A)conversion of alcohol to acetaldehyde.
B)conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid.
C)enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.
D)conversion of acetic acid to acetaldehyde.

Accepted Answer

Disulfiram (Antabuse) works by inhibiting the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is responsible for the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid in the alcohol metabolism pathway. This leads to an accumulation of acetaldehyde, causing unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed.

Question 15

In alcohol withdrawal,the mood stabilizing drug Lamictal is shown to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A)decrease alcohol consumption.
B)improve mood.
C)protect the brain.
D)lower blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

Lamictal has not been shown to have an effect on blood pressure. It can, however, decrease alcohol consumption, improve mood, and protect the brain during alcohol withdrawal.

Question 16

Repeated alcohol withdrawals may ______ the severity of subsequent withdrawals and _____ the likelihood of withdrawal seizures.
A)increase; decrease
B)increase; increase
C)decrease; increase
D)decrease; decrease

Accepted Answer

Repeated alcohol withdrawals can lead to a phenomenon known as "kindling," where each subsequent withdrawal episode becomes more severe, and the likelihood of withdrawal seizures increases.

Question 17

Faster-onset,shorter-acting benzodiazepines may be useful during alcohol withdrawal to:
A)eliminate drug craving.
B)suppress withdrawal symptoms.
C)stimulate glutamate activity.
D)suppress seizure activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Faster-onset,shorter-acting benzodiazepines may be useful during alcohol...

Question 18

Exposure to alcohol during pregnancy is ______ with learning difficulties and antisocial behavior in adolescence.
A)not correlated with
B)positively correlated with
C)negatively correlated with
D)dependent upon

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that exposure to alcohol during pregnancy is positively correlated with learning difficulties and antisocial behavior in adolescence.

Question 19

An alcohol dependent person may be prescribed baclofen (Lioresal)to modulate the balance between:
A)glutamate and dopamine.
B)serotonin and GABA.
C)acetylcholine and glutamate.
D)GABA and glutamate.

Accepted Answer

Baclofen works by increasing the activity of GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, while decreasing the activity of glutamate, which is an excitatory neurotransmitter. Therefore, it modulates the balance between GABA and glutamate. This helps to reduce cravings and dependence on alcohol.

Question 20

Korsakoff's syndrome involves damage to the:
A)liver.
B)kidneys.
C)heart.
D)brain.

Accepted Answer

Korsakoff's syndrome is a neurological disorder caused by long-term alcohol consumption. It involves damage to the brain, specifically the frontal lobes and thalamus. This results in memory loss, difficulty with coordination, and confabulation (making up stories to fill memory gaps).

Quiz 5: Ethyl Alcohol and the Inhalants of Abuse

Caitlyn is going through treatment for alcohol addiction.Her physician has prescribed lamotrigine (Lamictal) as part of her treatment. This drug _ glutamate release and _ craving for alcohol.

__________ is the most common cause of death in alcoholics.

All of the following are features of fetal alcohol syndrome EXCEPT:

All of the following are factors which are known to promote the development of alcoholism EXCEPT:

_____ are used in acute alcohol withdrawal or detoxification but are limited due to potential physical dependence.

Christopher enjoys a number of different inhalants that he finds rewarding due to the sense of euphoria and hallucinogenic experience he gets when using these substances.These effects are likely due to the presence of:

and are two of the greatest health risks for chronic alcoholics.

______ is an alcohol-sensitizing drug that is used to deter drinking.

Tami has some issues with alcohol consumption,but she does not drink excessively.Still,evidence suggests that ______ may provide some benefit to her and control impulsive behavior that could lead to addiction.

Long-acting benzodiazepines may be used during alcohol withdrawal because they:

All of the following are pharmacotherapies to help maintain abstinence and prevent relapse EXCEPT:

__________ is the most serious physiological long-term consequence of excessive alcohol consumption.

Comorbid alcohol abuse and aggressive behaviors may be treated with:

Disulfiram (Antabuse) is useful in treating alcoholics because it inhibits the:

In alcohol withdrawal,the mood stabilizing drug Lamictal is shown to do all of the following EXCEPT:

Repeated alcohol withdrawals may __ the severity of subsequent withdrawals and _ the likelihood of withdrawal seizures.

Faster-onset,shorter-acting benzodiazepines may be useful during alcohol withdrawal to:

Exposure to alcohol during pregnancy is ______ with learning difficulties and antisocial behavior in adolescence.

An alcohol dependent person may be prescribed baclofen (Lioresal) to modulate the balance between:

Korsakoff's syndrome involves damage to the: