Question 1

Which medical researcher and theorist has most significantly shaped our current thinking about human stress?

Accepted Answer

Hans Selye is widely recognized as the father of stress research and his theory of the "General Adaptation Syndrome" has significantly shaped our current understanding of human stress.

Question 2

According to Yehuda, which gender is most likely to experience a higher incidence of PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Yehuda suggests that women are more likely to experience a higher incidence of PTSD, in part due to factors such as gender-specific trauma exposure and hormonal differences.

Question 3

According to Selye's theory of the general adaptation syndrome, what is the final stage of response to stress?

Accepted Answer

The final stage of the general adaptation syndrome is exhaustion, which occurs after prolonged exposure to stress. In this stage, the body's resources become depleted, and there is a heightened risk of illness, collapse, or death. This stage is characterized by a decreased ability to cope with stress and a reduced capacity for adaptation.

Question 4

first phase of the "general adaptation syndrome" is _______.

Accepted Answer

The first phase of the "general adaptation syndrome" is the alarm reaction, which is the body's initial response to a stressor. This can involve the activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. The other phases include resistance, where the body attempts to cope with the stressor over the long term, and exhaustion, where resources are depleted and the body may experience adverse effects from prolonged stress. Mobilization of the immune system is not a phase of the general adaptation syndrome, although it can be a response to stress.

Question 5

Which of the following would be an example of a "problem-focused" way of coping with stress?

Accepted Answer

Seeking information or advice is a problem-focused way of coping with stress because it directly addresses the issue and attempts to find solutions or strategies to manage it. Denying fear or distress (option A) and accepting the problem with resignation (option B) are both avoidance coping strategies, while hoping for the best and trying to see the silver lining (option D) is a positive reinterpretation coping strategy.

Question 6

general, stress

Accepted Answer

Stress generally decreases with age as individuals often develop better coping mechanisms and have fewer stressors related to work and family responsibilities.

Question 7

________ psychologists suggest that the reaction to acute stress is an adaptive mechanism that enabled our primitive ancestors to summon optimal levels of energy.

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that acute stress is an adaptive mechanism that helped our ancestors summon optimal levels of energy to cope with threatening situations. This response is often referred to as the fight-or-flight response.

Question 8

Chronic tightness in the neck and shoulders, as a response to stress, would be an example of which phase of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The chronic tightness in the neck and shoulders is a physical response to the ongoing stressor, which is known as the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome. In this stage, the body tries to adapt to the ongoing stressor by maintaining a level of resistance. If the stressor is not eased, the body will move into exhaustion, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. The alarm stage is the initial response to a stressor, while tension is a symptom of the chronic stress response.

Question 9

Which researcher and theorist first coined the term "stress" and proposed that there are three stages to the stress response?

Accepted Answer

Hans Selye first coined the term "stress" and proposed in his General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) theory that there are three stages to the stress response: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Question 10

Compared to other adults in the U.S.,_______ adults have greater incidence of high blood pressure and stroke than other racial/ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, black adults in the U.S. have a higher incidence of high blood pressure and stroke compared to non-Hispanic white, Asian American, and Hispanic adults. This disparity is believed to be due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors.

Question 11

Which of the following is FALSE regarding Selye's model?

Accepted Answer

Selye's model has three stages, not six. The three stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Question 12

the negative effect of stress is smaller for those who have adequate social support than it is for those whose social support is weak, researchers refer to this as the _______.

Accepted Answer

The concept described in the statement is known as the buffering effect, where social support can reduce or buffer the negative impact of stress on an individual's health and well-being. Option A is incorrect because the resistance effect refers to the body's ability to fight stress and disease when stressors are intense but short-lived. Option B is incorrect as the general adaptation syndrome explains the body's physiological response to stress. Option C is incorrect because resilience refers to an individual's ability to recover from stress and adversity.

Question 13

Holmes and Rahe (1967)'s checklist measure is based on the premise that ____ change requires adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Holmes and Rahe (1967) developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) based on the premise that any change, whether perceived as positive or negative, requires adaptation. This scale lists different life events and assigns them a score based on the amount of readjustment or adaptation they require, suggesting that both positive and negative life changes can cause stress.

Question 14

Selye's approach would be considered

Accepted Answer

Selye's approach focuses on the physiological response to stress, making it a response-oriented approach.

Question 15

Using the figure below, which of the following statements BEST describes the data?

Accepted Answer

Men and women both report a decrease in the number of days with stressors as they transition from middle adulthood (40-59) to older adulthood, indicating a reduction in stress levels with age for both genders.

Question 16

"general adaptation syndrome" has three phases. In what order do they occur?

Accepted Answer

The three phases of the general adaptation syndrome occur in the order of alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion. During the alarm reaction, the body responds to a stressor with the fight-or-flight response. Then, during the resistance phase, the body tries to adapt and return to its normal state. Finally, during the exhaustion phase, the body can no longer cope with the stressor and becomes exhausted.

Question 17

life events approach to the study of stress would be considered

Accepted Answer

The answer of life events approach to the study of...

Question 18

Which of the following features of a social support appears to be most critical in providing a buffering effect in the face of stress?

Accepted Answer

The perception of the quality of support appears to be the most critical feature of social support in providing a buffering effect in the face of stress. This is because individuals who perceive that they have high-quality support are more likely to feel cared for, valued, and understood, which can help reduce the negative impact of stress on their health and well-being. Size, frequency of contact, and perception of status of members may also be important, but they are not as strongly linked to the buffering effect of social support.

Question 19

which stage of the general adaptation syndrome does an increased risk of illness occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of which stage of the general adaptation syndrome...

Question 20

Results of Almeida's diary study of about 1,500 adults showed that the most common stressors were

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal arguments and tensions are often cited as common stressors in diary studies about daily stress, as they directly impact individuals' emotional well-being and are frequent occurrences in daily life.

Quiz 10: Stress, Coping, and Resistance