Theory Z is the effectiveness dimension that implies managers who use either Theory X or Theory Y assumptions when dealing with people can be successful,depending on the situation.

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Theory Z is actually a management approach developed by William Ouchi that combines aspects of Japanese culture and American management practices. It emphasizes employee involvement, long-term employment, and team-based decision-making. This approach is different from Theory X and Theory Y, which are traditional management theories developed by Douglas McGregor. Theory X assumes that employees dislike work, lack ambition, and need to be closely monitored and controlled, while Theory Y assumes that employees are self-motivated, want to do a good job, and can be trusted to work independently. Theory Z is not focused on assumptions about employees but rather on organizational culture and management practices.

Theory Z Is the Effectiveness Dimension That Implies Managers Who