Question 1

Which of the following sequences reflects the order in which twentieth-century perspectives in psychology originated,from the earliest to the most recent?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic theory originated in the early 1900s, followed by behaviourism in the 1920s, and then humanism in the 1960s. Cognitive psychology, on the other hand, emerged in the late 1950s and 1960s, making it the most recent perspective on this list. Therefore, option B reflects the order in which twentieth-century perspectives in psychology originated, from the earliest to the most recent.

Question 2

Dr.Lynch is a behavioural geneticist.Dr.Veazey is a sociobiologist.Which of the following alternatives best describes their areas of research interest?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Lynch is a behavioural geneticist which means that he studies how genes and the environment influence behaviour. His specific interest is in cognition. On the other hand, Dr. Veazey is a sociobiologist which means that he studies how social behavior evolves over time. His specific interest is in the biological bases of social behavior. Therefore, the best alternative that describes their areas of research interest is C, where Dr. Lynch studies the biological bases of cognition while Dr. Veazey studies the biological bases of social behavior.

Question 3

Quintessa is working in a lab in which she performs brain surgeries on rats and observes their ensuing behaviour.What school of thought would Quintessa's research fall under?

Accepted Answer

Quintessa's research involves the study of the brain and its effect on behavior, which falls under the field of neuroscience. A and D are not applicable as they focus on human cognition and self-actualization, respectively. While behaviorism (B) deals with observing behavior, it does not necessarily involve brain surgery, which is a key component of Quintessa's research.

Question 4

Which twentieth-century perspective in psychology is correctly matched with its emphasis?

Accepted Answer

The behavioural perspective in psychology emphasizes observable behaviour and the importance of learning and conditioning, focusing on how individuals respond to stimuli in their environments. This perspective is known for its objectivity and the emphasis on observable behaviors rather than internal mental states.

Question 5

Mason is reading about the history of psychology and realizes that the field of neuroscience has influenced many subfields in psychology.Which of the following subfield in psychology was NOT influenced by the field of neuroscience?

Accepted Answer

Behaviourism was not directly influenced by neuroscience as it primarily focused on studying observable behaviour rather than underlying physiology or brain function. However, behaviourism did indirectly benefit from the field of neuroscience as it paved the way for the development of cognitive psychology, which integrated mental processes with behavioural observations.

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes the influence of evolutionary psychology in psychology's history?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology has gained increasing influence in recent years, with many researchers exploring the ways in which evolution has shaped human behavior and cognitive processes. This approach has also led to debates and controversies within the field, as some criticize the assumptions and biases that underlie evolutionary psychology theories. Nonetheless, its significance and impact in psychology continues to grow.

Question 7

Which statement below describes the relationship among evolutionary psychology,behavioural genetics,and sociobiology?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology, behavioural genetics, and sociobiology are all related to the study of how genetics and evolution have influenced human behavior. However, each field has distinct areas of focus. Evolutionary psychology looks at how evolution shaped the human mind and behavior, while behavioural genetics examines the genetic basis of behavior. Sociobiology focuses on the evolutionary basis of social behavior. While all three fields are distinct, they overlap and inform one another, with evolutionary psychology often incorporating research from both behavioural genetics and sociobiology. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it reflects the closest relationship between these fields.

Question 8

Dr.Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable,measurable behaviour.Dr.Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think and process information about the world.Which option below correctly identifies their respective perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Greenway's focus on observable, measurable behavior aligns with the behaviorist perspective, while Dr. Cech's interest in how people think and process information aligns with the cognitive perspective. Therefore, the best choice is D, with Dr. Greenway representing the behaviorist perspective and Dr. Cech representing the cognitive perspective.

Question 9

Having been stranded at the dawn of the twentieth century in a time travel mishap,you attempt to return to the present day.As the smoke clears and the dust settles,though,you find that it is instead the early 1960s.Which of the following statements best describes the theoretical landscape in psychology at the time?

Accepted Answer

The early 1960s can be considered as the start of the cognitive revolution in psychology, which emphasized on mental processes such as perception, memory, and thinking. This led to the increase in the prominence of cognitive psychology, and a decline in the influence of behaviourism. The humanistic perspective also gained popularity during this time, with a focus on the uniqueness and positivity of human experiences. Therefore, option D is the most accurate description of the theoretical landscape in psychology during the early 1960s.

Question 10

Which psychologist is correctly matched with an associated perspective?

Accepted Answer

Rogers is associated with the humanistic perspective, which focuses on individual growth, self-determination, and the personal experience of the individual. Maslow is associated with the humanistic perspective as well, not the cognitive perspective. Freud is associated with the psychoanalytic perspective, not the behaviorist perspective. Skinner is associated with the behaviorist perspective, not the psychoanalytic perspective.

Question 11

Dr.Bowen claims that inheritance exerts a strong influence on thought and behaviour.Which of the following is the most specific claim you can make with some certainty?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Bowen claims that inheritance exerts a strong...

Question 12

Which of the following alternatives best expresses the relationship between the terms psychobiology and neuroscience?

Accepted Answer

Neuroscience has largely replaced the term psychobiology as it encompasses not only the biological aspects of psychology, but also includes multiple other fields such as cognitive psychology and behavioral neuroscience.

Question 13

In what way are cognitive psychology and humanistic psychology the same?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology and humanistic psychology both disagreed with the behaviourists' ideas, including the idea that all behavior is determined by the environment and the focus on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. They both emphasized the importance of subjective experiences and personal meaning in understanding behavior. They also both emphasized individual agency and the ability of individuals to actively shape their own lives.

Question 14

Donald Hebb used the term cell assembly to describe

Accepted Answer

Donald Hebb used the term cell assembly to describe a strengthening of synaptic connections with repeated stimulation. He suggested that when neurons are activated together, their connections become strengthened, which allows them to work together in the future as a coordinated group, or cell assembly. This theory has had a strong influence on our understanding of learning and memory in the brain.

Question 15

Naomi is playing a game with her psychology study group in which they have to pretend that they're working with a famous psychologist and then everyone else has to guess who they're working with.Naomi give her clues to the group: His work involves splitting the two hemispheres of a brain to learn about the abilities of each half of the brain.Which researcher is Naomi pretending to work with?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Naomi is playing a game with her...

Question 16

How do cultural universals and similarities between twins raised apart,respectively,inform the nature vs.nurture debate?

Accepted Answer

Cultural universals are behaviors, beliefs, and institutions that are found in all human cultures. They provide evidence for the "nature" position in the nature vs. nurture debate because they suggest that certain aspects of human behavior are innate. Similarities between twins raised apart also provide evidence for the "nature" position because they suggest that genetics play a role in shaping our personality and behavior.

Question 17

Which school of thought is most likely to ask questions about how our brains process information?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which school of thought is most likely...

Question 18

When Sally sees a cat for the first time,a group of cells are activated in a specific order.According to Donald Hebb,what will happen in Sally's brain with repeated exposure to a cat?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Sally sees a cat for the...

Question 19

Dr.Brazinski is a researcher who believes that repeated exposure to a stimulus will cause the same group of brain cells to respond faster and more efficiently.With which neuropsychologist's perspective does Dr.Brazinski agree?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Brazinski's belief that repeated exposure to a stimulus will cause the same group of brain cells to respond faster and more efficiently aligns with Donald Hebb's theory of Hebbian learning, which states that repeated neural stimulation leads to the formation of neural connections and strengthens existing ones.

Question 20

While ___ attempted to identify the brain areas involved in learning,memory,and cognition; ___ tried to determine the functions of the brain's hemispheres.

Accepted Answer

Karl Lashley attempted to identify the brain areas involved in learning, memory, and cognition, while Roger Sperry tried to determine the functions of the brain's hemispheres.

Quiz 1: Psychology Yesterday and Today