Question 1

After a head trauma,Leon is unable to see,despite there being nothing wrong with his eyes.Leon has sustained damage to his ___ lobe.

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe is responsible for visual perception and processing, so damage to this area can result in blindness even if there is no physical damage to the eyes themselves.

Question 2

Which of the following subcortical areas is correctly paired with a description?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a subcortical area that is important for learning and memory.

Answer: C
 The striatum is a subcortical area that is important for motivation and reward learning.

Answer: D
 The nucleus accumbens is a subcortical area that processes emotional stimuli.

Therefore, the correct choices are B, C, and D.

Question 3

The amygdala is to emotion as the hippocampus is to ___.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is primarily responsible for the formation and retrieval of memories, particularly long-term and spatial memories. It is not involved in emotion, movement, decision-making, or vision.

Question 4

Xander has had his corpus callosum severed as a way to treat his severe epilepsy.After his surgery,researchers approached him with an interest in using him to study

Accepted Answer

Severing the corpus callosum affects communication between the brain's hemispheres, making Xander a suitable subject for studying brain lateralization, which examines how different functions are distributed between the two hemispheres.

Question 5

Which lobe has the role of housing the somatosensory cortex and plays a role in visual processing?

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobe contains the somatosensory cortex, which is responsible for receiving and processing touch, pressure, and other sensory information from the body. Additionally, the parietal lobe is involved in spatial awareness and visual processing, specifically in terms of interpreting where objects are in relation to the body.

Question 6

Anterior to the parietal lobe is the frontal lobe; inferior to it is the ___ lobe.

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobe is located between the frontal lobe (anterior to it) and the occipital lobe (posterior to it). The inferior part of the parietal lobe is adjacent to the temporal lobe. Therefore, the correct answer is B) temporal. The options C) dorsal and D) posterior are not correct as they do not indicate any particular lobe.

Question 7

How do the primary sensory areas differ from the association areas?

Accepted Answer

The primary sensory areas are responsible for processing basic sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pressure, while the association areas are responsible for processing more complex sensory information such as recognition, memory, and decision-making. The primary sensory areas are located in the lobes of the neocortex, but so are the association areas. Therefore, choice B is incorrect. Choice A implies that only the visual information is processed in the primary sensory areas, but this is not true. Finally, choice C is incorrect because it reverses the roles of primary sensory areas and association areas.

Question 8

Mallory is looking at a painting in the campus fine-arts museum.The orientations of the lines and edges in the painting are processed in the ___ areas in her occipital lobe,while the colours and more complex patterns are processed in the ___ areas in the occipital lobe.

Accepted Answer

The primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe processes basic visual information such as lines and edges, while the association areas in the occipital lobe process more complex information such as color and patterns. So, option C is the best choice.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best captures the role of the hippocampus in episodic memory on the one hand,and spatial memory on the other?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is involved in the temporary storage and consolidation of episodic memories and is crucial for the longer-term storage and retrieval of spatial memories.

Question 10

In a rollerblading mishap,Xavier fell and injured the very back of his head.Which of his senses is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

The very back of the head houses the occipital lobe, which is primarily responsible for vision. An injury to this area is most likely to impair vision.

Question 11

Following a stroke,Everett shakes uncontrollably and CANNOT produce fluid movements.Which of the following medical residents is correct in localizing Everett's brain damage?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following a stroke,Everett shakes uncontrollably and CANNOT...

Question 12

Neurons in both the substantia nigra and the ___ comprise portions of the brain's dopamine pathways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurons in both the substantia nigra and...

Question 13

Mrs.Jackson CANNOT form new memories based on her experiences.Mr.LoPresti CANNOT seem to find his way around his city anymore.Which of the following best describes the brain damage each of these patients has probably suffered?

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Jackson's inability to form new memories is indicative of damage to the hippocampus, a region critical for memory formation. Mr. LoPresti's difficulty in navigating his city suggests damage to the same region, as the hippocampus is also involved in spatial memory and navigation.

Question 14

Which of the following brain structures has a key role in motor coordination?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for motor coordination and balance. The pons plays a role in regulating breathing and controlling sleep and arousal. The reticular formation plays a role in regulating consciousness and arousal. The amygdala plays a role in emotional processing and the formation of emotional memories.

Question 15

If the amygdala of a rat were lesioned,how would you expect the rat to react to a cat?

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is a key structure in the brain responsible for processing fear and emotional responses. Lesioning the amygdala would inhibit its ability to regulate fear responses. Without the influence of the amygdala, the rat would likely show no fear of the cat, even if it had experienced fear of cats before the lesion.

Question 16

Which of the following sequences correctly identifies and orders the lobes of the cortex,from anterior to posterior?

Accepted Answer

This sequence correctly identifies the lobes of the cortex from anterior to posterior, starting with the frontal lobe and followed by the temporal and parietal lobes, then ending with the occipital lobe, which is responsible for processing visual information. Option A is incorrect because it places the posterior lobe before the temporal and parietal lobes. Option B is incorrect because it starts with the occipital lobe, which is the most posterior, and ends with the frontal lobe. Option C is incorrect because it starts with the frontal lobe, then jumps to the occipital lobe and then ends with the temporal and parietal lobes.

Question 17

Darnell underwent surgery to control his severe epilepsy.Now,however,Darnell CANNOT form new memories of his experiences,although he does remember events in the past.Most likely,the surgery destroyed a portion of the ___ in Darnell's brain.

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is a region of the brain that is essential for the formation of new memories, both explicit (those that can be consciously recalled) and implicit (those that are formed without conscious awareness). Damage to the hippocampus can result in a condition called anterograde amnesia, where new memories cannot be formed or retained. Therefore, the surgery that Darnell underwent may have damaged his hippocampus, resulting in his inability to form new memories.

Question 18

In which lobe do we find cells that respond especially strongly to familiar faces? How do researchers interpret the activity of these cells?

Accepted Answer

These cells are located in the temporal lobe and their activity is influenced by visual information from the occipital lobe as well as information from memory-related brain areas, indicating a complex process of face recognition that integrates current visual input with stored knowledge.

Question 19

Which lobe plays the eclectic role of visual recognition,language comprehension,and memory?

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobe is responsible for various functions such as visual recognition, language comprehension, and memory. It is where the primary auditory cortex, which is responsible for processing auditory information, is located. Additionally, the temporal lobe plays a crucial role in the formation and retrieval of long-term memories. Various structures within the temporal lobe, such as the hippocampus, are involved in memory consolidation and recall. Therefore, the temporal lobe can be considered an eclectic region involved in a wide range of cognitive processes.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

The pons is not part of the limbic system. The limbic system includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus, which are involved in emotions, memory, and motivation. The pons is a structure in the brainstem that is involved in regulating breathing, sleep, and other basic functions.

Quiz 3: Neuroscience