Question 1

Long-term memory is like sensory memory in that they both

Accepted Answer

Both long-term memory and sensory memory have a very large capacity, although sensory memory holds information for a very brief period, while long-term memory can store information indefinitely.

Question 2

Ivy has just witnessed a car hit a parked car and then speed off.She quickly makes note of the licence plate and says it repeatedly in her head.What memory store would Ivy be using to rehearse the licence plate in her head?

Accepted Answer

Ivy is using the phonological loop to rehearse the licence plate in her head. The phonological loop is responsible for the temporary storage and rehearsal of verbal information, such as the sound of the licence plate being repeated in Ivy's head.

Question 3

Which activity of memory involves recovery of information when it is needed?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval involves the recovery of information when it is needed. Encoding refers to the initial process of taking in and processing information, while storage refers to the maintenance of information over time. Processing involves working with and manipulating information in various ways.

Question 4

You are comparing what you've read about a newly released movie with images you can recall from its advertising trailer and trying to decide whether to go see the movie.This is an example of how you might use your ___ component of working memory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are comparing what you've read about...

Question 5

Alba is imaging now she will remodel her house.She knows she wants to knock out a kitchen wall to open the dining area,and then she knows that she will have a magnificent view out the front window.What memory store would Alba be using imagine her remodelled house?

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for creating mental images and manipulating spatial information. Alba is using this memory store to imagine her remodelled house and the layout of the new space.

Question 6

In what way is sensory memory similar to long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Both sensory memory and long-term memory are characterized by having a very large capacity, meaning they can hold a vast amount of information. Sensory memory can capture a lot of sensory information almost momentarily, while long-term memory can store a seemingly unlimited amount of information for potentially a lifetime.

Question 7

Chania is in a play and is just about to go on stage.She starts thinking about her first line and how she will say it.What memory store would Chania be using to practice her lines in her head?

Accepted Answer

Chania would be using her phonological loop to rehearse her lines in her head. The phonological loop is the component of working memory that deals with verbal and auditory information, such as speech or words. Chania is likely repeating her lines over and over in her head to remember them, which utilizes her phonological loop.

Question 8

Ace is writing his psychology test and is trying to recover some specific information that he studied last night.What basic activity of memory is Ace doing?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval involves recovering stored information from memory, which is what Ace is doing in trying to remember specific information from his studying session. Encoding is the process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory, while storage involves maintaining information in memory over time. Processing is a general term that can refer to any mental activity involving the manipulation of information, but it doesn't specifically relate to memory.

Question 9

Isaac is looking at some fabric and imagining the beautiful evening dress he could design out of it.It would have a draping back,fitted around the torso with a long draping skirt that trailed behind.What memory store would Isaac be using to imagine the finished dress?

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating visual and spatial information in working memory. In this case, Isaac is using his visuospatial sketchpad to imagine the details and design of the dress he wants to create. The dress's features, such as the draped back and long skirt, are all visually imagined in Isaac's mind, making the visuospatial sketchpad the most appropriate memory store for this task.

Question 10

In what way are the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad similar?

Accepted Answer

The phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad are both memory stores of working memory. The phonological loop stores auditory information (sounds, words) and the visuospatial sketchpad stores visual and spatial information (images, locations). Both are necessary for cognitive tasks such as reading and mental arithmetic.

Question 11

Which memory store is paired with the correct fact?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory has a large capacity for holding sensory information for a brief period of time before it is either transferred to long-term memory or forgotten.

Answer: D
 Short-term memory is a temporary store for holding a limited amount of information for a short amount of time, typically about 20-30 seconds, and it can be displaced by new information if not rehearsed.

(Note: The statements for B and C are incorrect, as long-term memory is a relatively permanent store for memories, and working memory lasts for a few seconds to minutes and is important for manipulating information and problem-solving.)

Question 12

When you mentally rearrange the furniture in your bedroom before physically moving it,you are using ___.

Accepted Answer

When mentally rearranging furniture, you are using your visuospatial sketchpad, which is the component of working memory responsible for processing visual and spatial information. The phonological loop is responsible for processing auditory information, the central executive manages the overall process of working memory, and maintenance rehearsal is the process of repeating information to keep it in working memory. None of these processes are directly related to mentally rearranging furniture in a physical space.

Question 13

For encoding to occur,individuals need to focus on environmental stimuli.This "focus" refers to what cognitive process?

Accepted Answer

Attention is the cognitive process of selectively focusing on certain environmental stimuli while ignoring others. Therefore, in order for encoding to occur, individuals need to focus their attention on the information they are trying to encode.

Question 14

On Canada Day,Ignas "wrote" his name in the air with a sparkler,and for a few hundred milliseconds he could see his name.This example illustrates the brief visual storehouse associated with what memory store?

Accepted Answer

The sensory memory store is responsible for briefly holding sensory information from our environment, such as visual images like Ignas' name written with a sparkler for a few hundred milliseconds.

Question 15

The visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop are similar in that they're both

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop are both components or memory stores of working memory, which is responsible for actively processing and manipulating information for short periods of time. They are not retrieval strategies for long-term memory, nor are they unlimited in capacity. While they both contribute to the overall functioning of working memory, they do not necessarily operate in parallel - they can be used independently or together, depending on the task at hand.

Question 16

Pawel is stopped on the street by a passer-by who wants to know if he knows of a good Thai restaurant in the neighbourhood.He tries to recall the closest Thai restaurant.What basic activity of memory is Pawel doing?

Accepted Answer

Pawel is retrieving information from his memory about the location of a Thai restaurant.

Question 17

If you are in a shopping mall and you are trying to remember how to get to your favourite coffee shop,which part of memory are you using?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are in a shopping mall...

Question 18

Which memory store is NOT paired with the correct fact?

Accepted Answer

Working memory is not just limited to lasting a few seconds; it is involved in the temporary holding and manipulation of information for cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension, which can last beyond just a few seconds.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes the parallel distributed-processing model?

Accepted Answer

The parallel distributed-processing model describes how new information is connected and integrated with existing knowledge in the brain, forming neural networks. This is in contrast to the information-processing model, which suggests that memories are stored and retrieved piecemeal. The parallel distributed-processing model does not have distinct stages like sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, nor does it explicitly include working memory.

Question 20

In the computer analogy,which of the following describes a key difference between the information-processing model and an actual computer?

Accepted Answer

Computers have specific hardware and software components designed for particular functions, such as processing, storage, and output. In contrast, the human brain does not have such clearly demarcated structures for different types of memory (e.g., short-term vs. long-term memory), making this a key difference between the information-processing model and actual computers.

Quiz 8: Memory