Question 1

What is the correct order for the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The correct order for the stages of the general adaptation syndrome is alarm phase, resistance phase, exhaustion phase. This is because when the body perceives a stressor, it goes into the alarm phase where the sympathetic nervous system is activated and the body prepares for fight or flight. If the stressor remains, the body enters the resistance phase where it tries to adapt to the stressor and maintain homeostasis. Finally, if the stressor continues, the body enters the exhaustion phase where it can no longer cope and physiological systems begin to break down.

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

During the resistance stage, the body tries to adapt to the stressor, but this prolonged effort can make it more vulnerable to other stressors.

Question 3

Markesia's body is mobilized to deal with a heat wave and she is annoyed by minor frustrations that she can usually shake off.According to Hans Selye,she is in the

Accepted Answer

The resistance phase is characterized by the body's mobilization to deal with stressors and the ability to adapt and cope with them. Markesia's body is mobilized to deal with the heat wave, which suggests that she is in the resistance phase. Even though she is annoyed by minor frustrations, she is still able to cope with them to some extent. The alarm phase is characterized by the initial activation of the stress response, which Markesia seems to have already passed through. The exhaustion phase is characterized by the depletion of resources and the inability to cope with stressors, which does not seem to be the case for Markesia at this point. The chronic stress phase is a long-term state of stress that can have negative effects on physical and mental health, which does not seem to apply to Markesia's situation.

Question 4

Current approaches to the physiology of stress have found that

Accepted Answer

Current approaches to the physiology of stress have found that when you are under stress, your brain's hypothalamus sends messages to the endocrine glands along two major pathways: the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) pathway, which releases adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) pathway, which causes the release of cortisol.

Question 5

What two hormones make you literally "too excited to eat"?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are commonly known as "fight or flight" hormones and can suppress appetite as they prepare the body for stress responses such as increased heart rate and blood sugar levels.

Question 6

Chronic stress has been linked to the common cold.The risk is increased among many groups of people,but it is highest among people who are

Accepted Answer

Unemployment is a significant stressor that can lead to chronic stress, which in turn can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to illnesses like the common cold.

Question 7

Casey hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert.Her muscles tense,blood pressure rises,and digestion shuts down.According to Hans Selye,she is in the

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the initial response to stress, during which the body prepares for a fight or flight response. The symptoms described by Casey (muscles tension, increased blood pressure, decreased digestion) are all part of the alarm phase, indicating that her body is responding to the stressful situation.

Question 8

Which of the following occurs during the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

During the exhaustion stage, the body becomes depleted of energy due to prolonged exposure to stress, resulting in physical and emotional exhaustion, decreased immune function, and increased susceptibility to illness and disease. This is the final stage of the general adaptation syndrome, after the alarm and resistance stages.

Question 9

When a person is under stress,the brain's hypothalamus activates the __________ system,producing the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the body.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response, which is the body's response to stress. When activated by the hypothalamus, it releases hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine to prepare the body for action.

Question 10

Dahlia has been having chronic headaches and she is behind in all her classes.For the past six months her job has been extremely stressful,but she doesn't feel that she can quit because she needs the money for tuition.Her vulnerability to illness,such as chronic hypertension,has increased.According to Hans Selye,Dahlia is in the

Accepted Answer

Dahlia is in the exhaustion phase according to Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome model. This phase occurs after prolonged exposure to stress, where the body's ability to resist is depleted, leading to increased vulnerability to illness.

Question 11

People at the lower end of the socioeconomic ladder have worse health for almost every disease and medical condition than do those at the top.One reason for this is

Accepted Answer

Continuous environmental stressors, such as living in poverty and being exposed to environmental toxins, can have a negative impact on health over time. Malingering and heredity are not significant factors in explaining the health disparities seen between socioeconomic groups, while cultural reinforcers may play a role but are not as significant as environmental factors.

Question 12

A person is in the _______________ when vulnerability to physical problems increases,and illness,such as chronic hypertension,develops.

Accepted Answer

The exhaustion phase is the last stage in the general adaptation syndrome, identified by Selye. In this stage, the body's ability to resist stress is significantly reduced, leading to an increase in vulnerability to physical problems and developing illnesses such as chronic hypertension.

Question 13

Steve is unexpectedly called on in class.He hasn't the faintest idea of the answer,and he feels his heart start to pound and his palms begin to sweat.According to Selye,he is in the _______________ phase of his stress response.

Accepted Answer

The alarm phase is the initial stage of the stress response, which is characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. In this stage, a person perceives a threat and prepares to respond to it either by fighting or fleeing. This is the phase Steve is experiencing as he is suddenly called on in class and feels his heart rate and sweating increase.

Question 14

The "HPA" axis is an abbreviation for

Accepted Answer

The HPA axis refers to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex pathway in the body's stress response system. When activated, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) which signals the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the bloodstream. This hormone then prompts the adrenal cortex to release cortisol, a stress hormone that helps the body respond to stress.

Question 15

A person is in the _______________ when the body becomes more vulnerable to other stressors.For example,when the body is mobilized to deal with a heat wave,it is easier to be annoyed by minor frustrations.

Accepted Answer

The resistance phase is the phase where the body is mobilized to deal with stressors, and during this phase, the body is more vulnerable to other stressors. This is because the body's resources are focused on dealing with the initial stressor, making it easier for other stressors to have a greater impact. The alarm phase is the initial phase of the stress response, the chronic stress phase is the prolonged exposure to stress, and the exhaustion phase is when the body's resources are depleted and it can no longer cope with stress.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key stress hormone released by the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol is a key stress hormone released by the adrenal glands. It helps the body respond to stress by increasing blood sugar levels, suppressing the immune system, and aiding in the metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Melatonin is a hormone released by the pineal gland that helps regulate sleep/wake cycles. Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Substance P is a neuropeptide involved in pain perception.

Question 17

Which saying best sums up Hans Selye's view on stress?

Accepted Answer

Hans Selye believed that stress is a natural and necessary part of life, and that some stress can be positive and productive. He referred to this as "eustress," or good stress, as opposed to "distress," or bad stress. However, he also recognized that too much stress, or chronic stress, can have negative effects on the body. Therefore, option D, "Some stress-but not all-can be positive and productive," best sums up his view on stress.

Question 18

Dr.Benno leaves his practice in a wealthy suburb and begins seeing patients in a clinic in a poor urban area.What can he expect will be the difference between his new patients and his former ones?

Accepted Answer

Patients in poor urban areas generally have worse health outcomes due to a variety of factors such as limited access to healthcare, environmental hazards, and higher rates of poverty-related health conditions.

Question 19

When you are under stress,the brain's _______________ sends messages to the endocrine glands along two major pathways.

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is responsible for sending signals to the endocrine glands through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympatho-adrenal system (SAS) in response to stress. The amygdala and hippocampus play a role in processing and storing emotional and memory-related information, but they are not directly involved in the stress response. The corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres of the brain and does not play a major role in the stress response.

Question 20

The HPA axis is a system activated to

Accepted Answer

The HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) is a system that responds to stressors by releasing hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other stress hormones. These hormones energize the body to respond to stress. Therefore, the best choice is C. Choices A, B, and D do not accurately reflect the function of the HPA axis.

Quiz 13: Emotion, Stress, and Health