Question 1

A small amount of which of the following is always present in normal urine?
A) Bilirubin
B) Glucose
C) Urobilinogen
D) Leukocyte esterase

Accepted Answer

Urobilinogen is a normal component of urine and is produced in the liver from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Bilirubin, glucose, and leukocyte esterase are not normally present in urine in detectable amounts.

Question 2

A urine specimen is tested and shown to have a pH of 8.0.This value is
A) abnormally low.
B) abnormally high.
C) midrange normal.
D) normal.

Accepted Answer

Normal, freshly voided urine may have a pH range of 5.5 to 8.

Question 3

You open a urine sample for testing and immediately detect a fruity odor.Which test result do you expect to be elevated on chemical analysis?
A) Protein
B) Urobilinogen
C) Ketones
D) Bilirubin

Accepted Answer

A fruity odor in urine is often a sign of the presence of ketones, which are produced during the breakdown of fats in the body. Therefore, the test result that would most likely be elevated in the chemical analysis of this urine sample is ketones.

Question 4

Which statement is true about the pH of urine?
A) The average pH of freshly voided urine is 9.
B) The urinary pH varies with the diet.
C) The urine pH is alkaline if the patient has bacteriuria.
D) A urine pH below 7 indicates alkalinity.

Accepted Answer

With gross bacteriuria, the urine pH is alkaline as a result of bacterial conversion of urea to ammonia.

Question 5

A urine pregnancy test result is positive
A) only before implantation of the fertilized egg.
B) from fertilization through the first trimester.
C) from implantation of the fertilized egg through the first trimester.
D) from implantation of the fertilized egg through delivery.

Accepted Answer

After implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterus, the serum hCG level doubles every few days. Within 72 hours of delivery, the hormone disappears.

Question 6

If a urine specimen cannot be analyzed within 1 hour,the best course of action is to
A) discard the specimen and order a recollection.
B) refrigerate the specimen.
C) add a chemical preservative.
D) set the specimen aside.

Accepted Answer

Refrigerating the specimen can help to prevent bacterial growth and other changes that could affect the accuracy of the test results. Discarding the specimen and ordering a recollection may not always be practical or necessary, especially if refrigeration is an option. Adding a chemical preservative may also alter the composition of the urine and interfere with test results. Simply setting the specimen aside is not recommended as it could lead to further degradation of the sample.

Question 7

Casts in a urine specimen develop in what part of the urinary tract?
A) Urethra
B) Renal
C) Bladder
D) Ureters

Accepted Answer

Casts in a urine specimen develop in the renal part of the urinary tract, specifically in the renal tubules. Casts are formed when protein or cellular debris accumulates and solidifies within the tubules. They can provide important diagnostic information about kidney function and can indicate certain conditions such as glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis.

Question 8

When instructing a female patient in how to obtain a clean-catch,midstream urine specimen,you should tell her to use how many antiseptic towelettes?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Accepted Answer

The patient should be instructed to wipe three times, each time with a clean towelette.

Question 9

A child whose urine has a mousy smell most likely would be diagnosed with
A) diabetes.
B) urinary tract infection.
C) PKU.
D) renal failure.

Accepted Answer

A mousy smell in urine is a characteristic sign of phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is a genetic disorder where the body cannot break down a specific amino acid called phenylalanine, causing an accumulation in the body and resulting in various neurological symptoms, including developmental delay and intellectual disability. Early detection and intervention, such as a phenylalanine-restricted diet, can prevent these symptoms from developing.

Question 10

The specific gravity of a urine specimen reads 1.035.This value is considered
A) abnormally high.
B) abnormally low.
C) normal.
D) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

The specific gravity of a urine specimen of 1.035 is considered abnormally high. The normal range for specific gravity in urine is typically between 1.003 to 1.030. A value of 1.035 could indicate dehydration, kidney problems, or other conditions that affect the concentration of urine.

Question 11

A cloudy urine specimen may be the result of which of the following?
A) Glycosuria
B) Ketones
C) Lipids
D) Crystals

Accepted Answer

Crystals such as phosphate or urate crystals can make urine appear cloudy. Glycosuria, ketones, and lipids typically do not cause cloudiness in urine.

Question 12

Urine suspected of having high levels of which substance should be stored in a dark place before testing?
A) Sugar
B) Red blood cells
C) Bacteria
D) Bilirubin

Accepted Answer

Urine suspected of having high levels of bilirubin should be stored in a dark place before testing. Bilirubin is a pigment produced by the breakdown of red blood cells and is sensitive to light, which can cause it to break down and give false results during testing. Storing the urine in a dark place helps preserve the bilirubin levels and ensures accurate test results.

Question 13

A medical assistant instructs a patient to collect a first morning specimen for which of the following tests?
A) Pregnancy testing
B) Culture for bacteriuria
C) Quantitative protein determination
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

First morning specimens are most concentrated and are best for nitrite and protein determination, bacterial culture, pregnancy testing, and microscopic examination.

Question 14

Which of the following are tubular structures found in the urine and composed mainly of mucoprotein secreted by certain cells of the kidney?
A) Casts
B) Bacteria
C) Yeasts
D) Metabolites

Accepted Answer

Tubular structures found in urine composed mainly of mucoprotein secreted by certain cells of the kidney are called casts. Bacteria, yeasts, and metabolites are not composed of mucoprotein and therefore not considered casts.

Question 15

One of the first detectable signs of liver disease is
A) bilirubinuria.
B) hematuria.
C) proteinuria.
D) ketonuria.

Accepted Answer

Bilirubinuria is the presence of bilirubin in the urine, which is a sign of liver dysfunction or disease. Hematuria, proteinuria, and ketonuria are not typically associated with liver disease.

Question 16

A 24-hour urine sample is ordered to determine which of the following?
A) Ketone levels
B) Creatinine clearance rates
C) Proteinuria
D) Anuria

Accepted Answer

A 24-hour urine sample is primarily used to measure creatinine clearance rates. This test determines how effectively the kidneys are filtering waste products from the blood. Ketone levels can be measured through a urine dipstick test or a blood test, proteinuria can be determined through a urine dipstick test, and anuria is the absence of urine production and would not be diagnosed through a urine sample.

Question 17

Which of the following is mismatched concerning urine color and the likely pathologic cause?
A) Red: bleeding in the urinary tract
B) Greenish yellow: liver disorder
C) Blue-green: Pseudomonas infection
D) Reddish brown: diabetes

Accepted Answer

None of the given options suggest that diabetes would cause reddish brown urine. Diabetes can cause other urinary symptoms such as increased frequency or urgency, but not a change in urine color. Therefore, option D is mismatched.

Question 18

One of the first detectable signs of renal disease is
A) hematuria.
B) pyuria.
C) proteinuria.
D) myoglobinuria.

Accepted Answer

Proteinuria, or the presence of protein in the urine, is one of the earliest signs of renal disease. It can indicate damage to the glomerulus, the filtering unit of the kidney, and is often detected through urinalysis. Hematuria (blood in the urine) and pyuria (pus in the urine) can also indicate renal disease, but may be caused by other factors such as infection or trauma. Myoglobinuria, the presence of myoglobin in the urine, is not a specific sign of renal disease but may occur in certain conditions such as rhabdomyolysis.

Question 19

In the microscopic observation of urine sediment,yeast most resembles
A) bacteria.
B) red blood cells.
C) mucous threads.
D) calcium oxalate crystals.

Accepted Answer

Yeasts are easily confused with red blood cells, because they have a similar shape.

Question 20

On chemical analysis,a urine specimen from a female with a urinary tract infection most likely reveals __________ pH,________ nitrite,and _________ leukocyte esterase.
A) decreased;increased;increased
B) increased;increased;increased
C) increased;decreased;decreased
D) increased;decreased;increased

Accepted Answer

A UTI is indicated if the urine is more alkaline, bacteria have broken down nitrate into nitrite, and WBCs are present.

Quiz 28: Assisting in the Analysis of Urine

A small amount of which of the following is always present in normal urine?

A urine specimen is tested and shown to have a pH of 8.0.This value is

You open a urine sample for testing and immediately detect a fruity odor.Which test result do you expect to be elevated on chemical analysis?

Which statement is true about the pH of urine?

A urine pregnancy test result is positive

If a urine specimen cannot be analyzed within 1 hour,the best course of action is to

Casts in a urine specimen develop in what part of the urinary tract?

When instructing a female patient in how to obtain a clean-catch,midstream urine specimen,you should tell her to use how many antiseptic towelettes?

A child whose urine has a mousy smell most likely would be diagnosed with

The specific gravity of a urine specimen reads 1.035.This value is considered

A cloudy urine specimen may be the result of which of the following?

Urine suspected of having high levels of which substance should be stored in a dark place before testing?

A medical assistant instructs a patient to collect a first morning specimen for which of the following tests?

Which of the following are tubular structures found in the urine and composed mainly of mucoprotein secreted by certain cells of the kidney?

One of the first detectable signs of liver disease is

A 24-hour urine sample is ordered to determine which of the following?

Which of the following is mismatched concerning urine color and the likely pathologic cause?

One of the first detectable signs of renal disease is

In the microscopic observation of urine sediment,yeast most resembles

On chemical analysis,a urine specimen from a female with a urinary tract infection most likely reveals __ pH, nitrite,and _ leukocyte esterase.