A characteristic of a non-equity cross border alliance is:

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A non-equity cross border alliance is a partnership between firms or companies from different countries. Unlike equity cross-border alliances, where partners purchase shares of each other’s businesses, in a non-equity cross-border alliance, each partner cooperates as a separate legal entity and bears its own liabilities. There is no transfer of ownership or financial contribution required from either party. Greenfield investments and acquisitions are not necessarily characteristics of non-equity alliances, which instead rely on joint agreements and shared responsibilities without the need for direct investment in the partner's operations.

A Characteristic of a Non-Equity Cross Border Alliance Is