Question 1

After doing something that might be considered unethical, a rationalizer says: "It's $\textbf{     not    }$  really illegal." This expresses a mistaken belief that

Accepted Answer

The statement "It's not really illegal" suggests that the individual is trying to rationalize their behavior by focusing on the fact that the behavior is not technically breaking any laws. This indicates that the individual is looking for justification for their behavior and attempting to convince themselves and possibly others that what they did was acceptable. This mindset is often used in ambiguous or gray areas where there is not a clear ethical or legal stance.

Question 2

The text identifies different ways of dealing with the four rationalizations that are commonly used to justify unethical behaviour. Which one of the following courses of action is not a recommended way for dealing with at least one of the four rationalizations?

Accepted Answer

The recommended ways of dealing with the four rationalizations are: A) exercising personal responsibility, B) reframing the situation, C) considering the long-term consequences, and D) strengthening organizational culture. Option B, which suggests that if other people are doing it, it's justified, is not a recommended course of action. It is known as the "everybody does it" rationalization and should be avoided.

Question 3

Referring to Question 161, who was operating in Stage 4 of Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Stage 4 of Kohlberg's conventional level is characterized by maintaining social order and following laws. Issac is likely the one who fits this description.

Question 4

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that one's behaviour is acceptable, especially in ambiguous situations?

Accepted Answer

The rationalization "It's not really illegal" reflects the mistaken belief that one's behavior is acceptable, especially in ambiguous situations, as it downplays the unethical nature of the action by focusing on its legality rather than its morality.

Question 5

When rationalizers proceed with a questionable action because of a mistaken belief that "the organization will stand behind me," they believe that

Accepted Answer

This belief aligns with the idea that the organization's interests are paramount, suggesting that actions taken on its behalf are justified, even if they are ethically questionable.

Question 6

In submitting his expense report for a recent business trip, Neil sought reimbursement for some personal entertainment expenses. Knowing that the company policy precluded such reimbursement, he reported higher amounts for transportation fares and gratuities than he actually spent. Which of the following rationalizations most likely applies to Neil's actions?

Accepted Answer

Neil's actions suggest that he is rationalizing his personal entertainment expenses by reporting higher amounts for transportation fares and gratuities. By rationalizing that no one will ever know about it, he may believe that he can get away with it without any consequences.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is/are true?

Accepted Answer

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) indeed established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to oversee the audits of public companies, thereby setting new audit standards, and it also increased the penalties for corporate fraud, making it easier for corporate executives to be tried and sentenced for financial misconduct. It did not specifically create a mechanism for the supervision of the liquidation of Enron and Arthur Andersen; those events were catalysts for the Act's creation.

Question 8

Roger, Isaac, Irene, and Betty were the last students to leave their class after a lecture. They noticed that the instructor had left behind a copy of the midterm exam on her desk. "I'll take a quick look at and ease some of my fears about the midterm," thought Roger. However, Isaac wanted to look at the midterm to copy the answers. Irene and Betty exited without looking at the midterm because they believed it was wrong, even though they hadn't studied and there was a high probability that would fail the midterm. Who was operating in Stage 2 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Isaac is operating in Stage 2 of Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development because he wants to copy the answers to benefit himself, regardless of whether it is right or wrong. Roger is also self-interested but has a different motivation than Isaac. Irene and Betty are not operating in Stage 2 because they are not focused on personal gain.

Question 9

Referring to Question 161, Irene and Betty were operating at what level of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Irene and Betty were operating at Stage 6, postconventional level because they were considering the needs of the community and the rights of others.

Question 10

When rationalizers tell themselves that "no one will ever know about it," they believe that

Accepted Answer

Rationalizers who tell themselves that "no one will ever know about it" are assuming that their questionable behavior is safe and will never be discovered, thus making it easier for them to justify the behavior. This does not necessarily reflect that they believe it is in the best interests of the organization or that they have acted in good faith.

Question 11

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that a questionable behaviour is really "safe" and will never be discovered or made public?

Accepted Answer

The rationalization that "no one will ever know about it" reflects the belief that the unethical behavior is safe and won't be discovered, even though it may still be unethical or illegal.

Question 12

The behaviour of supervisors and the expectations of peers are ___ factors that influence ethical behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The behaviour of supervisors and the expectations...

Question 13

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 makes it easier for corporate executives to be tried and sentenced to jail for ___.

Accepted Answer

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was enacted in response to corporate accounting scandals, such as Enron, and aims to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures. The act includes provisions for financial reporting requirements, corporate governance, and increased penalties for financial misconduct, including fraud. As a result, corporate executives can be tried and sentenced to jail for financial misconduct.

Question 14

As described by Lawrence Kohlberg in the text, of the three main phases in moral development, the one that focuses on personal gain and avoiding punishment is the ___ phase.

Accepted Answer

The preconventional phase is the first phase in Lawrence Kohlberg's three main phases of moral development. In this phase, individuals focus on self-interest and avoiding punishment. They make moral decisions based on the consequences of their actions for themselves. This phase typically occurs in early childhood, although some individuals may remain in this phase into adolescence and adulthood.

Question 15

At the postconventional level of moral development, an individual is strongly ___.

Accepted Answer

At the postconventional level of moral development, individuals are guided by their own internal moral principles, rather than external factors such as social pressure or punishment. Therefore, individuals at this level are principle-centred.

Question 16

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that the organization's best interests stand above all others?

Accepted Answer

The rationalization that "The organization will protect me" reflects the mistaken belief that the organization's best interests stand above all others, as it assumes that the organization will prioritize protecting its own reputation or interests over punishing unethical behavior.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a step that managers should follow for making ethical decisions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 18

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that because someone can be found to benefit from the behaviour, the behaviour is also in the organization's best interests?

Accepted Answer

This rationalization reflects a mistaken belief that unethical behavior is justified if it benefits everyone, even if it goes against the organization's values or mission. This can lead to short-term gains but potentially long-term harm to the organization's reputation and mission.

Question 19

In this phase of moral development, the individual is strongly driven by core principles and personal beliefs. This is the stage where a strong ethics framework is evident and the individual can be willing to break with norms and conventions, even laws, to make decisions consistent with personal principles.

Accepted Answer

In the postconventional stage of moral development, the individual is guided by internal moral principles and values, rather than external rules and laws. Therefore, they may be willing to break with societal norms and conventions if they conflict with their personal beliefs. This stage typically occurs in adulthood and is the highest level of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory.

Question 20

Fredrick works for Vision, a billboard advertising agency, which hires billboards from owners on behalf of clients. Fredrick routinely accepts pay-offs from billboard owners in exchange for referring their billboards to clients. This behaviour could result in his dismissal from Vision, if found out. Which statement is Fredrick most probably utilizing to rationalize his actions?

Accepted Answer

This statement suggests that Fredrick believes he can engage in unethical behavior without consequence, which is a common rationalization for such behavior.

Quiz 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility

After doing something that might be considered unethical, a rationalizer says: "It's $\textbf{ not }$ really illegal." This expresses a mistaken belief that

The text identifies different ways of dealing with the four rationalizations that are commonly used to justify unethical behaviour. Which one of the following courses of action is not a recommended way for dealing with at least one of the four rationalizations?

Referring to Question 161, who was operating in Stage 4 of Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development?

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that one's behaviour is acceptable, especially in ambiguous situations?

When rationalizers proceed with a questionable action because of a mistaken belief that "the organization will stand behind me," they believe that

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is/are true?

Referring to Question 161, Irene and Betty were operating at what level of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?

When rationalizers tell themselves that "no one will ever know about it," they believe that

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that a questionable behaviour is really "safe" and will never be discovered or made public?

The behaviour of supervisors and the expectations of peers are ___ factors that influence ethical behaviour.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 makes it easier for corporate executives to be tried and sentenced to jail for ___.

As described by Lawrence Kohlberg in the text, of the three main phases in moral development, the one that focuses on personal gain and avoiding punishment is the ___ phase.

At the postconventional level of moral development, an individual is strongly ___.

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that the organization's best interests stand above all others?

Which of the following is not a step that managers should follow for making ethical decisions?

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that because someone can be found to benefit from the behaviour, the behaviour is also in the organization's best interests?

Quiz 3: Ethics and Social Responsibility

After doing something that might be considered unethical, a rationalizer says: "It's not \textbf{ not } not really illegal." This expresses a mistaken belief that

The text identifies different ways of dealing with the four rationalizations that are commonly used to justify unethical behaviour. Which one of the following courses of action is not a recommended way for dealing with at least one of the four rationalizations?

Referring to Question 161, who was operating in Stage 4 of Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development?

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that one's behaviour is acceptable, especially in ambiguous situations?

When rationalizers proceed with a questionable action because of a mistaken belief that "the organization will stand behind me," they believe that

Which of the following statements about the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is/are true?

Referring to Question 161, Irene and Betty were operating at what level of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?

When rationalizers tell themselves that "no one will ever know about it," they believe that

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that a questionable behaviour is really "safe" and will never be discovered or made public?

The behaviour of supervisors and the expectations of peers are ___ factors that influence ethical behaviour.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 makes it easier for corporate executives to be tried and sentenced to jail for ___.

As described by Lawrence Kohlberg in the text, of the three main phases in moral development, the one that focuses on personal gain and avoiding punishment is the ___ phase.

At the postconventional level of moral development, an individual is strongly ___.

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that the organization's best interests stand above all others?

Which of the following is not a step that managers should follow for making ethical decisions?

Which of the following rationalizations for unethical behaviour reflects the mistaken belief that because someone can be found to benefit from the behaviour, the behaviour is also in the organization's best interests?

After doing something that might be considered unethical, a rationalizer says: "It's $\textbf{ not }$ really illegal." This expresses a mistaken belief that