Question 1

Predictors of successful cognitive aging In a national survey in the U.S.,researchers observed a gap of approximately ___% between the extent of loss that older adults actually experienced compared to what younger adults thought would occur.

Accepted Answer

In a national survey in the U.S., researchers observed a gap of approximately 66% between the extent of loss that older adults actually experienced compared to what younger adults thought would occur.

Question 2

Pew study on well-being in older adults According to the Pew Research Center study of well-being,young adults wrongly believed that the experience of aging would most likely affect which aspect of life in adults 65 and older?

Accepted Answer

The Pew Research Center study found that young adults mistakenly believed that the experience of aging would most likely affect the cognitive functioning of adults 65 and older. In reality, older adults reported lower levels of stress and higher levels of overall happiness and contentment. The study also found that being able to get around and enjoyment of retirement were more commonly cited as important aspects of well-being for older adults. The desire to help others was also important, but not as high as the other factors.

Question 3

Set point perspective- choice The ____________________ perspective is supported by research showing that personality traits as they change through time affect levels of well-being.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that "personality traits as they change through time affect levels of well-being". This is the central idea of the set point perspective, which argues that each individual has a unique "set point" for their level of well-being, which is relatively stable over time but can be influenced by life circumstances and events. Therefore, the best choice is D - set point. The other options are not directly related to the idea of set point and do not fit the context of the statement.

Question 4

SHARE study critique of Rowe and Kahn model A large-scale study of retired European adults led researchers to critique the Rowe and Kahn model because it showed that ______________ were important contributors to successful aging.

Accepted Answer

The SHARE study highlighted that childhood social class and income were significant factors influencing successful aging, challenging the Rowe and Kahn model which did not emphasize these aspects.

Question 5

Social indicator model An older adult who is living on a tight income and has to economize on the essentials of daily living should,according to the _______________,also have low levels of happiness and life satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

The social indicator model suggests that an older adult who is experiencing economic hardship should have lower levels of happiness and life satisfaction. This model posits that social and economic indicators, such as income and education, are strongly correlated with well-being.

Question 6

Resilience and optimism in WHI study In a test of predictors of successful aging,a study on the Women's Health Initiative sample showed that _____________ had the greatest influence.

Accepted Answer

According to the question, the study on Women's Health Initiative sample showed that the predictor of successful aging with the greatest influence was tested. Therefore, the option A) resilience and optimism is the best choice as studies have shown that individuals who possess these traits tend to age successfully and cope better with daily stressors, compared to those who do not possess such traits. The other options - B) number of physical symptoms, C) cognitive performance, and D) number of children, may also impact aging, but do not have as strong an influence as resilience and optimism.

Question 7

Paradox of well-being According to the paradox of well-being,older adults who are objectively have a number of chronic illness should also appear psychologically to have:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paradox of well-being According to the paradox...

Question 8

Positive psychology Studies of successful aging fit into the perspective known as _______________ psychology,which attempts to understand people's strengths and virtues.

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology focuses on understanding and enhancing positive aspects of human experience, including strengths and virtues. Therefore, studies of successful aging, which aim to identify the factors that contribute to well-being and optimal aging, align well with this perspective. The other options (A, B, and C) are not as relevant to the study of aging or the focus on positive aspects of human experience.

Question 9

Self-esteem and life satisfaction Research on life satisfaction and personality on German emerging adults suggests that _____________ influences people's levels of well-being throughout across adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that self-esteem is a strong predictor of life satisfaction across adulthood. Higher levels of self-esteem are associated with greater life satisfaction, while lower levels of self-esteem are associated with lower life satisfaction. Neuroticism and extraversion may also have an impact on well-being, but they are not as consistently associated with life satisfaction as self-esteem. Flexibility, although important, is not a personality trait and is not relevant to this question.

Question 10

Superagers The "Superagers" identified in an MRI study on memory and brain structure showed that those with better memories had the most cortical volume in which region?

Accepted Answer

The study found that "Superagers" had more cortical volume in the cingulate cortex, which is associated with memory and attention.

Question 11

Life satisfaction vs.successful aging Compared to subjective well-being as a way to understand factors predicting successful aging,life satisfaction places heavier emphasis on:

Accepted Answer

Life satisfaction involves subjective evaluation of one's life as a whole, including cognitive assessments of one's achievements, goals, and expectations. While emotions and affect can factor into life satisfaction, they are not the primary focus. Successful aging, on the other hand, may include more objective measures of physical and cognitive health as well as overall life satisfaction. However, the question specifically asks for the factor that life satisfaction places a "heavier emphasis on", and this is cognition.

Question 12

Sexual satisfaction in WHI study The Women's Health Initiative study on sexuality showed that sexual satisfaction was related to:

Accepted Answer

The Women's Health Initiative study found that sexual satisfaction was more closely related to successful aging in general rather than specific factors like age, physical exercise, or actual sexual activity.

Question 13

Plasticity model in aging and brain function A large analysis of studies on age,brain function,and cognitive performance supported the propositions of which perspective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Plasticity model in aging and brain function...

Question 14

Criticism of Rowe and Kahn model Critics of the Rowe and Kahn model of successful aging contend that it is overly focused on:

Accepted Answer

Critics argue that the Rowe and Kahn model places too much emphasis on physical health and does not consider other important factors such as psychological well-being, social support, and environmental factors.

Question 15

Life satisfaction across domains In a large scale study of well-being across specific domains of life such as health,income,leisure time,housing,and social relations,overall satisfaction with _____________ showed a steep decline in later adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Overall satisfaction with health tends to show a steep decline in later adulthood, reflecting the natural aging process and the onset of health-related issues that can significantly impact life satisfaction.

Question 16

Cohort-sequential life satisfaction study In a large cohort-sequential study of two large European national surveys,researchers found that at the very end of life,aging seems related to ______________ in life satisfaction:

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that at the very end of life, aging seems related to a steady descent in life satisfaction.

Question 17

Neurocognitive disorder and c-reactive protein Unlike predictors of cardiovascular performance in younger adults,high levels of which substance seem to protect older adults from neurocognitive disorders?

Accepted Answer

C-reactive protein is a marker of inflammation. Inflammation is a risk factor for neurocognitive disorders. Therefore, high levels of C-reactive protein may protect older adults from neurocognitive disorders.

Question 18

Income levels and health Studies of well-being in older adults suggest that those at the low end of the income scale experience:

Accepted Answer

Studies show that those at the low end of the income scale are at greater risk of depression.

Question 19

Life satisfaction study and socioemotional selectivity The results of a large cohort-sequential study of life satisfaction across the adult years seemed to contradict the findings of which theory?

Accepted Answer

The study contradicts the findings of the socioemotional selectivity theory, which suggests that as individuals age, they become more focused on emotional goals and prioritize social relationships with close others, leading to higher life satisfaction. However, the study found that there was no significant increase in life satisfaction with age, and that individual differences in life satisfaction remained relatively stable across the lifespan.

Question 20

Criticism of Rowe and Kahn model from Health and Retirement study A study of successful aging in the Health and Retirement Study lends support to critics of the Rowe and Kahn model because although many in the sample had no disability,a considerable proportion (37-40%)had:

Accepted Answer

The Health and Retirement Study found that a considerable proportion (37-40%) of the sample had some form of disability, which is not accounted for in the Rowe and Kahn model. This supports criticisms that the model may not fully capture the complexity and variability of aging experiences. While some individuals may age successfully according to the model, others may face significant challenges and declines in health and functioning.

Quiz 14: Successful Aging and Creativity