Question 1

Suspension filter feeding, the most common form of food capture, is:

Accepted Answer

Suspension filter feeding is possible only in aquatic environments and is used by several different species including scallops, oysters, and baleen whales. This adaptation has evolved convergently in these different groups. Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Question 2

The presence of different types of teeth is a defining characteristic of mammals. What if any is the role of molars in mammals?

Accepted Answer

The role of molars in mammals is mainly for grinding food. Molars are large, flat teeth located in the back of the mouth, and they are specifically designed to grind and crush food for easier swallowing and digestion.

Question 3

When a suction feeder quickly opens its mouth, negative pressure results in water and prey rushing into the mouth. Which of the following helps move the prey to the back of their throats and into the pharynx?

Accepted Answer

Moving water out of the oral cavity over the gills creates a flow that helps transport the prey to the back of the throat and into the pharynx.

Question 4

Which of the following is the MOST generalized form of prey capture among fish?

Accepted Answer

Suction feeding is the most generalized form of prey capture among fish, involving the rapid expansion of the mouth cavity to suck in water and prey. This method is widespread across various fish species, indicating its general applicability in aquatic environments.

Question 5

Omnivorous, carnivorous, and herbivorous mammals all possess the same four tooth types. How is it possible that with all the same types of teeth, there are these distinctions in diet between the three types?

Accepted Answer

Although all three types of mammals possess the same four tooth types, each type has further specialized their teeth to maximize their ability to process specific types of food. For example, carnivorous mammals have sharp, pointed teeth for tearing and puncturing flesh, while herbivorous mammals have specialized teeth for grinding and crushing tough plant material. Additionally, omnivorous mammals may have a combination of tooth types to allow for both meat and plant consumption. The different tooth structures and shapes help each type of mammal efficiently consume their specific diet.

Question 6

Animals that use suspension filter feeding capture food particles that are:

Accepted Answer

Animals that use suspension filter feeding capture food particles that are floating in the water around them.

Question 7

A new species of tubeworm is discovered on a coral reef. The worm has a specialized ring of tentacles that acts as a sieve to capture small shrimp and plankton from the surrounding water. This worm is a(n):

Accepted Answer

The specialized ring of tentacles that acts as a sieve is characteristic of suspension filter feeders, which capture small particles (in this case, shrimp and plankton) from the surrounding water.

Question 8

Tadpoles of the African genus of frogs Hymenochirus are predatory. They track their prey, chase them, and then capture them using a suction mechanism that draws the prey into their mouth. Although suction feeding is the most common method of prey capture among fish, the closest phylogenetic relatives of these frogs all have tadpoles that are suspension filter feeders. Suction feeding in Hymenochirus tadpoles and fish is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Suction feeding in Hymenochirus tadpoles and fish is an example of convergent evolution, as the closest phylogenetic relatives of these frogs all have tadpoles that are suspension filter feeders. This means that suction feeding has evolved independently in these organisms due to similar environmental pressures and ecological niche.

Question 9

The jaws of vertebrates evolved from the:

Accepted Answer

The jaws of vertebrates are thought to have evolved from the gill cartilage of jawless fish. This transformation allowed for more efficient feeding and contributed significantly to the success of vertebrates.

Question 10

Alanine and lysine are both amino acids. Not eating enough lysine can lead to protein deficiency, whereas not eating enough alanine does not lead to protein deficiency. Why is this the case?

Accepted Answer

Alanine can be synthesized by cellular biochemical pathways, whereas lysine cannot. This means that the body can produce alanine on its own, whereas lysine must be obtained through the diet. Therefore, not consuming enough lysine can lead to protein deficiency, but not consuming enough alanine does not necessarily lead to protein deficiency as the body can produce alanine as needed.

Question 11

Copepods are a group of small invertebrates found in both marine and freshwater habitats. In 1963, Anraku and Omori published a paper on the relationship between the feeding habits of different species of copepods and the structure of their mouthparts. Which of the following would be a logical expectation in such a study?

Accepted Answer

Herbivorous copepods would require mandibles with grinding surfaces to process plant matter. Mandibles with sharp cutting edges would be more suited for carnivorous copepods that need to slice through prey. Choice A and D are incorrect because they suggest sharp cutting edges, which are not necessary for herbivorous copepods. Choice C is incorrect because herbivorous copepods still need to process their food, even if they do not catch prey.

Question 12

Which of following is NOT an example of suction feeding?

Accepted Answer

Clams are filter feeders, not suction feeders.

Question 13

_____ is the MOST common form of food capture by animals.

Accepted Answer

Suspension filter feeding is the most common form of food capture by animals, as it is used by a wide range of aquatic organisms, from tiny zooplankton to large whales, to feed on plankton and other small particles suspended in water.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE of suction feeding?

Accepted Answer

Suction feeding involves the rapid expansion of the fish's oral cavity to draw in water and prey, making it a strategy for both active and "sit and wait" predators. It is not exclusive to fish; aquatic salamanders, some insects, and young mammals also utilize variations of this feeding mechanism.

Question 15

The jaws of vertebrates are thought to have been derived by the modification of:

Accepted Answer

The jaws of vertebrates are believed to have evolved from cartilage that supported the gills in their aquatic ancestors. Over time, this cartilage was modified and became more durable and specialized to form jaws.

Question 16

Among the multiple types of teeth, _____ are used predominantly for crushing and grinding.

Accepted Answer

Molars and premolars are located at the back of the mouth and have large, flat surfaces that are designed for crushing and grinding food. Incisors and canines are located at the front of the mouth and are primarily used for biting and tearing food. Wisdom teeth may or may not play a role in chewing depending on their alignment and development, but they are not typically used predominantly for crushing and grinding like molars and premolars.

Question 17

The jaws of vertebrates are thought to have been derived by the modification of:

Accepted Answer

The jaws of vertebrates are thought to have evolved from the modification of the cartilage that supports the gills in jawless fishes. This adaptation allowed for more efficient feeding and led to the diversification of vertebrates.

Question 18

Refer to Figure 40.11 in your text. If you found a mammal skull that had large, pointed canines and relatively narrow, blade-shaped molars and premolars, you could infer that it came from an animal specialized for feeding on:

Accepted Answer

Large, pointed canines and relatively narrow, blade-shaped molars and premolars are traits found in carnivores, indicating that the mammal skull belongs to an animal specialized for feeding primarily on meat.

Question 19

Suspension filter feeding is only found in organisms without jaws.

Accepted Answer

Suspension filter feeding is also found in some organisms with jaws, such as baleen whales.

Question 20

A patient presents with bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and slow wound healing. The doctor diagnoses the patient as having a deficiency in vitamin _____ and suggests that he increase the amount of _____ in his diet.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C deficiency can lead to symptoms such as bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and slow wound healing. Increasing the intake of fruits, which are rich in vitamin C, can help address this deficiency.

Quiz 40: Animal Metabolism, Nutrition, and Digestion

Suspension filter feeding, the most common form of food capture, is:

The presence of different types of teeth is a defining characteristic of mammals. What if any is the role of molars in mammals?

When a suction feeder quickly opens its mouth, negative pressure results in water and prey rushing into the mouth. Which of the following helps move the prey to the back of their throats and into the pharynx?

Which of the following is the MOST generalized form of prey capture among fish?

Omnivorous, carnivorous, and herbivorous mammals all possess the same four tooth types. How is it possible that with all the same types of teeth, there are these distinctions in diet between the three types?

Animals that use suspension filter feeding capture food particles that are:

A new species of tubeworm is discovered on a coral reef. The worm has a specialized ring of tentacles that acts as a sieve to capture small shrimp and plankton from the surrounding water. This worm is a(n) :

The jaws of vertebrates evolved from the:

Alanine and lysine are both amino acids. Not eating enough lysine can lead to protein deficiency, whereas not eating enough alanine does not lead to protein deficiency. Why is this the case?

Which of following is NOT an example of suction feeding?

_____ is the MOST common form of food capture by animals.

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE of suction feeding?

The jaws of vertebrates are thought to have been derived by the modification of:

Among the multiple types of teeth, _____ are used predominantly for crushing and grinding.

The jaws of vertebrates are thought to have been derived by the modification of:

Refer to Figure 40.11 in your text. If you found a mammal skull that had large, pointed canines and relatively narrow, blade-shaped molars and premolars, you could infer that it came from an animal specialized for feeding on:

Suspension filter feeding is only found in organisms without jaws.

A patient presents with bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and slow wound healing. The doctor diagnoses the patient as having a deficiency in vitamin _ and suggests that he increase the amount of _ in his diet.