Question 1

According to the transtheoretical model, relapse​

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the transtheoretical model, relapse​
...

Question 2

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) into Prochaska's health action process approach model found it was harder for people to transition​

Accepted Answer

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) specifically found that the transition from the preparation stage to the action stage was more challenging than other transitions in Prochaska's health action process approach model. This stage involves moving from planning to actually taking action, which can be a significant barrier for many individuals attempting to change their health behaviors.

Question 3

The best predictors of health-related behavior in the health belief model are

Accepted Answer

The answer of The best predictors of health-related behavior in...

Question 4

The model or theory that includes four beliefs-perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers-to predict health-related behavior is the​

Accepted Answer

The health belief model includes perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers as four beliefs that are used to predict health-related behavior.

Question 5

_____ is an individual's perception of the social pressure to perform or not to perform an action.​

Accepted Answer

Subjective norm refers to an individual's perception of the social pressure to perform or not to perform an action, whereas self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their own ability to successfully perform a task, perceived behavioral control refers to an individual's perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, and attitude refers to an individual's evaluation or feeling toward a particular behavior or object.

Question 6

In the volitional phase of the health action process approach model, _________ is a crucial component of whether behavior change will be maintained over time.

Accepted Answer

In the volitional phase of the health action process approach model, planning is crucial for maintaining behavior change over time, as it involves creating strategies to deal with potential barriers and ensuring the continuation of the new behavior.

Question 7

This model has two general stages: the motivational phase and the volitional phase.​

Accepted Answer

The health action process approach proposes two general stages: the motivational phase and the volitional phase, which involve different processes and determinants of behavior change. The motivational phase focuses on goal setting, outcome expectancies, and risk perception and leads to the intention to change behavior. The volitional phase focuses on planning, self-regulatory strategies, and coping with barriers and relapses and leads to the initiation and maintenance of behavior change.

Question 8

In the health belief model, the belief that relates to whether an individual faces obstacles to health-enhancing behaviors is

Accepted Answer

Perceived barriers refer to an individual's belief about the potential obstacles and costs associated with adopting a particular health behavior. This belief includes concerns about time, effort, money, and other potential difficulties that the individual may encounter when trying to make health-enhancing changes in their life. This belief is a key component in the health belief model, as it helps to explain why some individuals may not take action to improve their health even when they recognize the potential benefits.

Question 9

__________ of health behavior take(s) a "one size fits all" approach.

Accepted Answer

Continuum theories of health behavior are based on the assumption that health behaviors exist along a continuum and that interventions can be designed to target individuals at any point along this continuum. This approach contrasts with stage theories, which propose that individuals move through a series of discrete stages when changing a behavior. Continuum theories do not segment individuals into stages but rather view behavior change as a process that varies in degree across individuals, hence the "one size fits all" approach.

Question 10

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a​

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model assumes that behavior change and relapse take the shape of a spiral, where individuals move through stages of change (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance) but may also experience setbacks and return to previous stages before ultimately achieving sustained behavior change. This is represented by a spiral shape, as individuals move forward and backward through these stages over time.

Question 11

The theory of planned behavior predicts

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned behavior predicts intentional health behaviors. The theory suggests that an individual's intention towards a behavior is the best predictor of whether they will engage in that behavior or not. The intention is influenced by three factors: attitude towards the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. These factors can influence an individual's intention towards engaging in health behaviors, such as exercising regularly or quitting smoking, which can ultimately lead to intentional health behaviors. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 12

One recent study used the theory of planned behavior to understand gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption. This study found that men, in comparison to women, have:​

Accepted Answer

The study found that men had lower perceived behavioral control and less favorable attitudes towards fruit and vegetable consumption compared to women. However, there was no significant difference in subjective norms between men and women.

Question 13

The model or theory that suggests that behavior is shaped by one's intention to act or not act, and that intentions are shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control is the​

Accepted Answer

The theory that suggests that behavior is shaped by one's intention to act or not act, and that intentions are shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control is the theory of planned behavior.

Question 14

For the past three years, Loran has been following his doctor's advice to cut down on his consumption of red meat and to eat more fruits and vegetables. With regard to protecting himself against heart disease, Loran is currently in which stage of the transtheoretical model?

Accepted Answer

Loran is currently in the maintenance stage because he has been following his doctor's advice for three years and has successfully implemented lasting changes to his diet to protect himself against heart disease. The precontemplation stage is characterized by a lack of awareness or motivation to make a change, while the contemplation stage involves considering and planning for a change. The preparation stage involves taking concrete steps to make a change, which Loran has already done.

Question 15

_____ refer(s) to people's confidence that they can perform a behavior to produce a desired outcome in a particular situation.​

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's ability to perform a behavior to produce a desired outcome in a particular situation. It is a key concept in social cognitive theory and can impact motivation and behavior change. Self-esteem (A) refers to a person's overall evaluation of their worth or value, while outcome expectations (C) and perceived benefits (D) are related to the expected outcomes or rewards from a behavior.

Question 16

In operant conditioning, "positive" means something is presented, and "negative" means something is removed. Though part of operant conditioning techniques, ________ is rarely used to modify non-adherent health behaviors.​

Accepted Answer

Positive punishment involves presenting an aversive stimulus in response to a behavior, such as scolding or physical punishment. While it may be used in some cases to modify non-adherent health behaviors, it is not typically recommended due to ethical concerns and potential unintended consequences. Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and negative punishment are more commonly used in operant conditioning interventions for health behavior change.

Question 17

In the health belief model, the belief that relates to an individual's perceived risk of a disease is​

Accepted Answer

Perceived susceptibility is the belief that an individual is at risk of developing a particular disease or health condition. This belief is a key element of the health belief model, as it influences an individual's motivation to engage in health-promoting behaviors. Perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers are also important beliefs in the model, but they relate to an individual's perception of the consequences of the disease, the effectiveness of a behavior to prevent or manage the disease, and the obstacles to adopting the behavior, respectively.

Question 18

According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people in which stages of the health action process approach model need strategies for directly changing their behaviors?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people...

Question 19

_____ is an individual's perceptions of how much control one has over one's behavior, and is one factor that determines intentions in the theory of planned behavior.​

Accepted Answer

Perceived behavioral control is an individual's perceptions of how much control one has over one's behavior. It is one of the components of the theory of planned behavior, which predicts behavioral intentions and actual behavior. Self-efficacy is related to perceived behavioral control but refers specifically to an individual's belief in their own ability to perform a specific behavior. Subjective norm is another component of the theory of planned behavior and refers to an individual's perception of social pressure to engage in a behavior. Attitude refers to an individual's positive or negative evaluation of a behavior.

Question 20

The model or theory that defines five stages individuals move through as they adopt a health-related model is the​

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model, also known as the stages of change model, describes five stages individuals go through as they adopt a health-related behavior, such as quitting smoking or starting an exercise program. These stages include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The other options listed, such as behavioral theory, theory of planned behavior, and health action process approach, are other theoretical models used to explain health behavior change, but they do not specifically focus on the stages individuals go through in the process.

Quiz 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior

According to the transtheoretical model, relapse​

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) into Prochaska's health action process approach model found it was harder for people to transition​

The best predictors of health-related behavior in the health belief model are

The model or theory that includes four beliefs-perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers-to predict health-related behavior is the​

_____ is an individual's perception of the social pressure to perform or not to perform an action.​

In the volitional phase of the health action process approach model, _________ is a crucial component of whether behavior change will be maintained over time.

This model has two general stages: the motivational phase and the volitional phase.​

In the health belief model, the belief that relates to whether an individual faces obstacles to health-enhancing behaviors is

__________ of health behavior take(s) a "one size fits all" approach.

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a​

The theory of planned behavior predicts

One recent study used the theory of planned behavior to understand gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption. This study found that men, in comparison to women, have:​

The model or theory that suggests that behavior is shaped by one's intention to act or not act, and that intentions are shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control is the​

For the past three years, Loran has been following his doctor's advice to cut down on his consumption of red meat and to eat more fruits and vegetables. With regard to protecting himself against heart disease, Loran is currently in which stage of the transtheoretical model?

_____ refer(s) to people's confidence that they can perform a behavior to produce a desired outcome in a particular situation.​

In operant conditioning, "positive" means something is presented, and "negative" means something is removed. Though part of operant conditioning techniques, ________ is rarely used to modify non-adherent health behaviors.​

In the health belief model, the belief that relates to an individual's perceived risk of a disease is​

According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people in which stages of the health action process approach model need strategies for directly changing their behaviors?​

_____ is an individual's perceptions of how much control one has over one's behavior, and is one factor that determines intentions in the theory of planned behavior.​

The model or theory that defines five stages individuals move through as they adopt a health-related model is the​

According to the transtheoretical model, relapse

Research by Armitage and colleagues (2004) into Prochaska's health action process approach model found it was harder for people to transition

The model or theory that includes four beliefs-perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers-to predict health-related behavior is the

_____ is an individual's perception of the social pressure to perform or not to perform an action.

This model has two general stages: the motivational phase and the volitional phase.

Central to the transtheoretical model is the assumption that both behavior change and relapse take the shape of a

One recent study used the theory of planned behavior to understand gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption. This study found that men, in comparison to women, have:

The model or theory that suggests that behavior is shaped by one's intention to act or not act, and that intentions are shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control is the

_____ refer(s) to people's confidence that they can perform a behavior to produce a desired outcome in a particular situation.

In operant conditioning, "positive" means something is presented, and "negative" means something is removed. Though part of operant conditioning techniques, ________ is rarely used to modify non-adherent health behaviors.

In the health belief model, the belief that relates to an individual's perceived risk of a disease is

According to Prochaska and his colleagues, people in which stages of the health action process approach model need strategies for directly changing their behaviors?

_____ is an individual's perceptions of how much control one has over one's behavior, and is one factor that determines intentions in the theory of planned behavior.

The model or theory that defines five stages individuals move through as they adopt a health-related model is the