Question 1

​There is a ____________ correlation between physical age and physical health, such that as age increases, physical health decreases.

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation means that as one variable increases, the other decreases. In this case, as physical age increases, physical health decreases. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 2

​Correlational studies are a type of

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies are a type of descriptive research because they seek to describe the relationship between two or more variables, but no manipulation of variables occurs.

Question 3

​Dr. Singh, a clinical researcher, is conducting a study wherein some patients receive a drug and others receive a placebo. If this researcher and study are typical, what does Dr. Singh want to find out from the research?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Singh wants to find out whether the drug works better than the placebo. This is typically the main objective of a clinical trial, as it is important to determine whether the drug being tested is effective in treating the condition it is intended for. Comparing the drug to a placebo helps to control for other factors that may affect the results of the study, such as the placebo effect or natural recovery.

Question 4

​One of the advantages of conducting a longitudinal study is that longitudinal studies can _____________________.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies observe the same group of individuals over an extended period. This allows for the identification of developmental trends and patterns as participants age and change, making option B the correct answer. Longitudinal studies are not primarily useful for quickly completing research, determining causality, or conducting research with a small number of participants or researchers.

Question 5

​The major difference between longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies is that cross-sectional studies occur ___________ whereas longitudinal studies occur _______________.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional studies are conducted at a single point in time, capturing a snapshot of a population, while longitudinal studies are conducted over a period of time, tracking changes within the same group of participants.

Question 6

​A researcher discovers a high positive correlation between intelligence and good health. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A high positive correlation indicates that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases, meaning they occur together at similar rates. However, correlation does not imply causation, so it does not mean one variable causes the other.

Question 7

​Several college students who are friends have all decided to volunteer for a research study that will compare a medical treatment to a placebo. Ethical codes require that they all sign their informed consent to participate. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent in research studies means that participants are made aware of the key facts about the study, including that they may receive a treatment or a placebo, but they are not told which one they will receive specifically. This ensures that the study remains double-blind, if applicable, and that participants' decisions to participate are based on understanding the nature of the study without biasing the results by knowing their specific treatment group.

Question 8

​Dr. Sweedey is conducting research that examines 5 year olds and their aggressive behaviors. She follows up with these same participants 10 years later to measure their reactivity to stress. She is using a ___________ design.

Accepted Answer

The research design described involves following the same participants over time, making it a longitudinal design. This allows for the examination of changes in behavior and potential factors that may influence those changes.

Question 9

​Dr. Rich is conducting research that examines whether 20-year olds eat more low-fat foods than 70-year olds. This research is using a ________________ design.

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional design involves comparing different age groups at the same point in time. In this case, Dr. Rich is comparing the eating habits of 20-year olds and 70-year olds. This design allows for quick and easy data collection, but it does not allow for causal conclusions to be drawn.

Question 10

​Researchers want to examine whether writing about the experience of breast cancer increases feelings of hope and optimism. Breast-cancer patients were randomly assigned to one of two essay conditions: writing about their breast cancer or writing about

Accepted Answer

The answer of ​Researchers want to examine whether writing about...

Question 11

​If two variables increase or decrease together, they are

Accepted Answer

When two variables increase or decrease together, they have a positive correlation. This means that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases, or as one variable decreases, the other variable also decreases.

Question 12

​Most health-related evidence

Accepted Answer

Health-related evidence comes from a variety of research methods, including experiments, observational studies, and meta-analyses. Accidental discoveries may contribute to some evidence, but it is not the primary source. Health-related evidence is not typically withheld from the public, as access to reliable information is essential for informed decision-making about health. While experimental designs contribute to some health-related evidence, other methods such as observational studies also play a significant role.

Question 13

A recent research study examined whether sending text messages to overweight children would help enable them to maintain a weight-loss program. In this experiment, some children were randomly assigned to receive text messages and other children were assigned to the control condition and did not receive text messages. The dependent variable in this experiment was

Accepted Answer

The answer of A recent research study examined whether sending...

Question 14

​Dr. Jonas is conducting a single-blind experimental study with human participants to investigate a medical procedure's effectiveness. What is true about this research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of ​Dr. Jonas is conducting a single-blind experimental...

Question 15

​A correlation of .80 would indicate a _______ and __________ relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

A correlation of .80 indicates a strong and positive relationship between two variables. A correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1, where 1 indicates a perfect positive relationship, 0 indicates no relationship, and -1 indicates a perfect negative relationship. Therefore, a value of .80 indicates a strong positive relationship, as it is closer to 1 than to 0.

Question 16

One of the challenges of conducting health research is that it is impossible, and unethical, to manipulate certain variables, such as sexual behaviors or smoking. The research design that examines differences between groups without manipulating these groups is

Accepted Answer

The research design that examines differences between groups without manipulating these groups is called an ex post facto study. In this type of design, the researcher cannot randomly assign participants to groups or manipulate certain variables due to ethical concerns, but can only observe and measure existing group differences. Therefore, the research is conducted retrospectively, after the groups have already been formed or the variable has already occurred.

Question 17

​A research team conducts a study, and their statistical analysis yields a correlation coefficient of 0.07 between two variables. What is true about this?

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient of 0.07 may be small, but it can still be statistically significant in large populations. It means there is a positive correlation between the two variables, but the strength of the correlation is weak. However, since statistical significance depends on various factors such as sample size and variability, it cannot be determined solely based on the correlation coefficient.

Question 18

​Dr. Smith, a clinical health psychologist, is conducting research on whether relaxation training before a swim meet improves swimmers' race times. It is most likely Dr. Smith is using a __________ design.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Smith's research involves an intervention (relaxation training) to see its effect on an outcome (swimmers' race times), which aligns with an experimental design. A single-blind design is likely used here, where the participants (swimmers) do not know whether they are receiving the actual relaxation training or not, to prevent their expectations from influencing the results.

Question 19

​Correlational studies

Accepted Answer

Correlational studies can only show a relationship or association between variables, but they cannot determine which variable caused the other. Therefore, they cannot indicate cause and effect.

Question 20

​A positive correlation between physical health and education would indicate that as education __________, physical health ______________.

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation indicates that as one variable (education) increases, the other variable (physical health) also increases. Therefore, the correct choice is D, which states that as education increases, physical health also increases.

Quiz 2: Conducting Health Research

There is a ____________ correlation between physical age and physical health, such that as age increases, physical health decreases.

Correlational studies are a type of

Dr. Singh, a clinical researcher, is conducting a study wherein some patients receive a drug and others receive a placebo. If this researcher and study are typical, what does Dr. Singh want to find out from the research?

One of the advantages of conducting a longitudinal study is that longitudinal studies can _____________________.

The major difference between longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies is that cross-sectional studies occur _ whereas longitudinal studies occur _____.

A researcher discovers a high positive correlation between intelligence and good health. What does this mean?

Several college students who are friends have all decided to volunteer for a research study that will compare a medical treatment to a placebo. Ethical codes require that they all sign their informed consent to participate. What does this mean?

Dr. Sweedey is conducting research that examines 5 year olds and their aggressive behaviors. She follows up with these same participants 10 years later to measure their reactivity to stress. She is using a ___________ design.

Dr. Rich is conducting research that examines whether 20-year olds eat more low-fat foods than 70-year olds. This research is using a ________________ design.

Researchers want to examine whether writing about the experience of breast cancer increases feelings of hope and optimism. Breast-cancer patients were randomly assigned to one of two essay conditions: writing about their breast cancer or writing about

If two variables increase or decrease together, they are

Most health-related evidence

Dr. Jonas is conducting a single-blind experimental study with human participants to investigate a medical procedure's effectiveness. What is true about this research?

A correlation of .80 would indicate a _ and ____ relationship between two variables.

One of the challenges of conducting health research is that it is impossible, and unethical, to manipulate certain variables, such as sexual behaviors or smoking. The research design that examines differences between groups without manipulating these groups is

A research team conducts a study, and their statistical analysis yields a correlation coefficient of 0.07 between two variables. What is true about this?

Dr. Smith, a clinical health psychologist, is conducting research on whether relaxation training before a swim meet improves swimmers' race times. It is most likely Dr. Smith is using a __________ design.

Correlational studies

A positive correlation between physical health and education would indicate that as education , physical health ____.

Quiz 2: Conducting Health Research

​There is a ____________ correlation between physical age and physical health, such that as age increases, physical health decreases.

​Correlational studies are a type of

​Dr. Singh, a clinical researcher, is conducting a study wherein some patients receive a drug and others receive a placebo. If this researcher and study are typical, what does Dr. Singh want to find out from the research?

​One of the advantages of conducting a longitudinal study is that longitudinal studies can _____________________.

​The major difference between longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies is that cross-sectional studies occur ___________ whereas longitudinal studies occur _______________.

​A researcher discovers a high positive correlation between intelligence and good health. What does this mean?

​Several college students who are friends have all decided to volunteer for a research study that will compare a medical treatment to a placebo. Ethical codes require that they all sign their informed consent to participate. What does this mean?

​Dr. Sweedey is conducting research that examines 5 year olds and their aggressive behaviors. She follows up with these same participants 10 years later to measure their reactivity to stress. She is using a ___________ design.

​Dr. Rich is conducting research that examines whether 20-year olds eat more low-fat foods than 70-year olds. This research is using a ________________ design.

​Researchers want to examine whether writing about the experience of breast cancer increases feelings of hope and optimism. Breast-cancer patients were randomly assigned to one of two essay conditions: writing about their breast cancer or writing about

​If two variables increase or decrease together, they are

​Most health-related evidence

​Dr. Jonas is conducting a single-blind experimental study with human participants to investigate a medical procedure's effectiveness. What is true about this research?

​A correlation of .80 would indicate a _______ and __________ relationship between two variables.

One of the challenges of conducting health research is that it is impossible, and unethical, to manipulate certain variables, such as sexual behaviors or smoking. The research design that examines differences between groups without manipulating these groups is

​A research team conducts a study, and their statistical analysis yields a correlation coefficient of 0.07 between two variables. What is true about this?

​Dr. Smith, a clinical health psychologist, is conducting research on whether relaxation training before a swim meet improves swimmers' race times. It is most likely Dr. Smith is using a __________ design.

​Correlational studies

​A positive correlation between physical health and education would indicate that as education __________, physical health ______________.

There is a ____________ correlation between physical age and physical health, such that as age increases, physical health decreases.

Correlational studies are a type of

Dr. Singh, a clinical researcher, is conducting a study wherein some patients receive a drug and others receive a placebo. If this researcher and study are typical, what does Dr. Singh want to find out from the research?

One of the advantages of conducting a longitudinal study is that longitudinal studies can _____________________.

The major difference between longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies is that cross-sectional studies occur _ whereas longitudinal studies occur _____.

A researcher discovers a high positive correlation between intelligence and good health. What does this mean?

Several college students who are friends have all decided to volunteer for a research study that will compare a medical treatment to a placebo. Ethical codes require that they all sign their informed consent to participate. What does this mean?

Dr. Sweedey is conducting research that examines 5 year olds and their aggressive behaviors. She follows up with these same participants 10 years later to measure their reactivity to stress. She is using a ___________ design.

Dr. Rich is conducting research that examines whether 20-year olds eat more low-fat foods than 70-year olds. This research is using a ________________ design.

Researchers want to examine whether writing about the experience of breast cancer increases feelings of hope and optimism. Breast-cancer patients were randomly assigned to one of two essay conditions: writing about their breast cancer or writing about

If two variables increase or decrease together, they are

Most health-related evidence

Dr. Jonas is conducting a single-blind experimental study with human participants to investigate a medical procedure's effectiveness. What is true about this research?

A correlation of .80 would indicate a _ and ____ relationship between two variables.

A research team conducts a study, and their statistical analysis yields a correlation coefficient of 0.07 between two variables. What is true about this?

Dr. Smith, a clinical health psychologist, is conducting research on whether relaxation training before a swim meet improves swimmers' race times. It is most likely Dr. Smith is using a __________ design.

Correlational studies

A positive correlation between physical health and education would indicate that as education , physical health ____.