Question 1

The loss of an embryo or fetus during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy is referred to as a miscarriage or __________.

Accepted Answer

The term "spontaneous abortion" is often used interchangeably with miscarriage to describe the loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week. The other options (A, B, and D) are not commonly used terms to describe a miscarriage.

Question 2

What is the correct sequence of events that follow fertilization of an egg?

Accepted Answer

After fertilization of an egg, the zygote is formed, which undergoes multiple cell divisions and forms a blastocyst by implanting in the uterus. The blastocyst further divides and forms an embryo, which continues to grow and develop into a fetus. Therefore, the correct sequence of events is zygote, blastocyst, embryo, and fetus, which is represented in option A.

Question 3

Karen is going through puberty.Her mother explains that her ovaries contain approximately ________ oocytes.

Accepted Answer

Females are born with all the oocytes they will have in their lifetime, which is around 1-2 million. By the time of puberty, only around 400,000 oocytes remain in the ovaries.

Question 4

Another name for ectopic pregnancies is ________,because they often occur there.

Accepted Answer

Ectopic pregnancies often occur in the fallopian tubes, which are also known as the tubular structures connecting the ovaries to the uterus. Therefore, "tubal pregnancies" is the most appropriate name for ectopic pregnancies. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as ovarian, embryonic, and cervical pregnancies respectively refer to different types of pregnancies that occur in different locations in the reproductive system.

Question 5

Immediately upon fertilization,a hormone called ________ begins to be released; pregnancy tests measure the level of this hormone in a woman's urine to determine pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation, immediately following fertilization. Its detection in a woman's urine is a reliable indicator of pregnancy and is the basis for most pregnancy tests. Estrogen, testosterone, and progestin are also hormones involved in pregnancy, but they are not directly measured in pregnancy tests.

Question 6

In the U.S.,nearly ________ of all pregnancies are unplanned.

Accepted Answer

According to the Guttmacher Institute, approximately 50% of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended or unplanned. This underscores the need for accessible and affordable family planning services to reduce unintended pregnancies and support healthy families.

Question 7

The obstetrician and professor at Edinburgh University who discovered the use of chloroform during the birth process is ________.

Accepted Answer

The obstetrician who discovered the use of chloroform during the birth process is Dr. James Young Simpson.

Question 8

Which of the following typically occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

During the second trimester, the fetus's genitals develop enough to be visible on an ultrasound, allowing the sex to be determined.

Question 9

________ refers to an early 1900s method of childbirth pain control that used a combination of two injectable drugs: morphine and scopolamine.

Accepted Answer

"Twilight sleep" refers to the childbirth pain control method that used a combination of morphine and scopolamine.

Question 10

These two hormones play an important role in ovulation:

Accepted Answer

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are the two hormones that play an important role in ovulation. FSH stimulates the growth and development of ovarian follicles, while LH triggers ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum. Both hormones are necessary for successful ovulation and fertility.

Question 11

Marty is reading a book about puberty and male reproduction.He learns that the sperm cells develop in the ________.

Accepted Answer

Sperm cells develop in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The vas deferens carries sperm from the testes to the urethra, the prostate gland produces seminal fluid, and the epididymis is where sperm mature and are stored.

Question 12

At the time a fertilized ovum enters the uterus,it is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

When a fertilized ovum enters the uterus, it is called a zygote. A zygote is the initial cell formed when two gamete cells, sperm and egg, combine during fertilization.

Question 13

Matt and Monica have been trying to get pregnant for two years.No wonder it is so difficult! They just found out that the average couple is fertile for only about ________ each month.

Accepted Answer

The average couple is fertile for about 6-7 days each month. This fertility window includes the day of ovulation and the five to six days before it, as sperm can live inside the female reproductive tract for up to five days and the egg can be fertilized for up to 24 hours after ovulation.

Question 14

Women,on average,release one egg each month,a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

Ovulation is the process by which a woman releases an egg from her ovary. This typically occurs once a month, around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle. Conception refers to the fertilization of the egg by sperm, which may occur during or shortly after ovulation. Dilation refers to the opening of the cervix during childbirth, while egg expulsion is not a commonly used medical term.

Question 15

The earliest methods of medical pain control for childbirth required the mother to be deeply sedated under ________.

Accepted Answer

The use of general anesthesia was one of the earliest methods of medical pain control for childbirth, which required the mother to be deeply sedated and unconscious. Other methods such as hypnosis and epidurals came later. Dementia is not a medical pain control method.

Question 16

Married couple Tim and Tia are biologically capable of conceiving,but feel more comfortable and content to live lives that do not include parenting.They prefer to be called ________.

Accepted Answer

"Child-free" is a term used by individuals and couples who choose not to have children, but do not necessarily have a negative attitude towards children. "Childless" may imply that they are missing something or incomplete without children, which may not be the case for those who are intentionally child-free. "Childphobic" is a negative term and implies a fear or aversion towards children. "Selfish" is a subjective judgement and not applicable in this context.

Question 17

During the ________ phase,the growth of new follicles in the ovaries is suppressed and the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation to receive a fertilized egg.

Accepted Answer

The described phase is the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During this phase, the follicles in the ovaries have already matured and released an egg (during the previous follicular phase), and the corpus luteum formed from the follicle produces progesterone, which suppresses the growth of new follicles. The lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for implantation of a fertilized egg, which may occur during this phase.

Question 18

Once pregnancy has been established,a temporary organ called ______ develops on the uterine wall to serve as a transfer station for nourishment and oxygen from mother to the fetus,and for waste products from the fetus to mother.

Accepted Answer

Once pregnancy has been established, the placenta develops on the uterine wall to serve as a transfer station for nourishment and oxygen from mother to the fetus, and for waste products from the fetus to mother. The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, but it is not a temporary organ. Blastula refers to the early stage of embryonic development, and afterbirth refers to the placenta and fetal membranes that are expelled from the mother's body after childbirth.

Question 19

Sperm cells that are beginning to develop in a man's testicles today will not be ready to be ejaculated and able to fertilize an ovum for approximately ________ days.

Accepted Answer

Sperm cells undergo a complex development process called spermatogenesis, which takes about 68-72 days from the beginning of their development in the testicles until they are mature and ready to be ejaculated.

Question 20

Miranda got her first period at age 13.She discovers that the term used to describe a girl's first menstrual period is ________.

Accepted Answer

Menarche is the term used to describe a girl's first menstrual period. Bleeding is a general term that can be used to describe many things, while menopause refers to the end of menstruation rather than the beginning. Monumental is not a term commonly used to describe menstruation.

Quiz 9: Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth