Question 1

Which motivation theory suggests that people will be motivated when they expect that their efforts will result in desirable outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory suggests that people will be motivated when they expect that their efforts will result in desirable outcomes. This theory emphasizes the importance of three factors: expectancy (belief that increased effort will lead to improved performance), instrumentality (belief that improved performance will lead to certain outcomes), and valence (value placed on those outcomes).

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct order for Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs, from the bottom to the top, is physiological needs, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Option A incorrectly reverses this order.

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the things you can do as a manager to increase trust and engagement?

Accepted Answer

Attention to building relationships with employees is crucial for increasing trust and engagement. Therefore, the option that says managers and leaders do not necessarily need to be attentive to relationships is not a viable choice.

Question 4

What are Herzberg's higher order needs called?

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's higher order needs are called motivating factors.

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the needs in McClelland's needs theories?

Accepted Answer

McClelland's needs theories include the needs for affiliation, achievement, and power. Acceptance is not one of the needs included in his theories.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the components of motivation?

Accepted Answer

The components of motivation are individual differences, actual job, and organization. Groups are not a component of motivation, but can impact motivation through group dynamics and relationships.

Question 7

___________ is/are based on personality and values and is/are related to things that are lacking and are desired.

Accepted Answer

Needs are based on personality and values, and they refer to things that are lacking and desired. Motivation is the drive to achieve a goal or satisfy a need. Values are beliefs and principles that guide behavior. Ethics are moral principles that govern behavior.

Question 8

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of needs?

Accepted Answer

Needs are not attitudes or feelings about one's job, but rather they are basic requirements that individuals seek to fulfill in their work and life. Needs can be based on personality and values, they are related to things that are lacking and desired, and they are related to work motivation.

Question 9

Which theory recommends providing an organizational environment and response patterns that reward and encourage desirable behaviors while discouraging or punishing undesirable ones?

Accepted Answer

Reinforcement theory recommends providing an organizational environment and response patterns that reward and encourage desirable behaviors while discouraging or punishing undesirable ones. This theory suggests that behavior is a function of its consequences, which can be reinforcement, punishment, or extinction. By using different types of reinforcement, managers can increase the likelihood of desirable behaviors being repeated and decrease the likelihood of undesirable ones.

Question 10

_______________is the involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm employees have for their work.

Accepted Answer

Employee engagement refers to the emotional connection and dedication that employees have towards their work. It involves being invested in the success of their organization, feeling valued, and having a sense of purpose and meaning in their role.

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the rules for using reinforcement and punishment?

Accepted Answer

The rules for using reinforcement and punishment are to respond quickly, be consistent, and use punishment sparingly. However, focusing on general job-related behaviors is not specifically mentioned as a rule.

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the aspects of expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

This statement is not a part of the key aspects of expectancy theory. The aspects are A) introducing a cognitive aspect of motivation, B) suggesting that motivation involves not just the individual but also opportunities, rewards, and incentives, and D) reminding us that people will tend to exert more effort in those areas where they believe they are more likely to perform well.

Question 13

Which of the following is Maslow's highest level need?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is the highest level need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This refers to the need for individuals to reach their full potential and achieve personal growth and fulfillment in various areas of life, such as creativity, learning, and self-expression.

Question 14

________________ is a state of mind, desire, energy, or interest that translates into action.

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the state of mind or desire that drives individuals towards taking actions. Needs, values, and ethics also influence behavior, but motivation specifically refers to the internal drive that leads to action.

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the ways to enhance motivation in expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

Quantifying expectancies is not a way to enhance motivation in expectancy theory. Expectancy theory focuses on three key elements: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. To enhance motivation, managers can choose rewards or outcomes that are of value to a particular worker, work to change the expectancy of existing outcomes, or attempt to change the valence of existing outcomes. Quantifying expectancies does not fit into any of these categories.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a potential reaction to inequity?

Accepted Answer

Options A, B, and C are all potential reactions to perceived inequity in the workplace, as they involve attempts to either adjust the balance of inputs and outputs (such as asking for a raise, improving one's qualifications, or reducing effort) or to seek external validation or opportunities. Option D, however, does not directly address the issue of inequity; finding another employee who is different does not inherently relate to addressing or reacting to feelings of unfairness or imbalance in the workplace context.

Question 17

_______________ is the rational and emotional attachment and commitment employees have to their work.

Accepted Answer

Employee engagement refers to the level of emotional and rational commitment employees have towards their work. This includes their level of enthusiasm, passion, and dedication towards their job responsibilities. Organization commitment and job involvement are related concepts but do not fully capture the level of emotional and rational attachment employees have towards their work. Group development is not related to individual employee engagement.

Question 18

What are Herzberg's lower order needs called?

Accepted Answer

Herzberg's lower order needs are called hygiene factors. These are basic needs such as salary, job security, working conditions, and company policies. They are important to prevent dissatisfaction, but they do not necessarily lead to motivation or job satisfaction.

Question 19

Which of the following is Maslow's lowest level need?

Accepted Answer

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is typically represented as a pyramid, with the most basic needs such as physiological needs (food, water, shelter) at the bottom, followed by safety needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs at the top. Therefore, the lowest level need according to Maslow's theory is physiological.

Question 20

Which is not one of the characteristics of goals in goal setting theory?

Accepted Answer

The other characteristics of goals in goal setting theory are measurable, achievable, and reasonable. General goals are not specific enough to provide clear direction and may not motivate individuals as effectively as specific goals.

Quiz 5: Motivation and Engagement