Question 1

Which of the following words describes a tentative explanation to a given question?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation or prediction based on available evidence or prior knowledge. It is not yet supported by data or observation and needs to be tested through further experimentation.

Question 2

The variable(s)in the 2005 peacock butterfly experiment is(are)the ____.

Accepted Answer

In the 2005 peacock butterfly experiment, the variables manipulated were the butterfly wings pattern color and the sounds emitted. These factors were altered to study their effect on predator response and survival rates.

Question 3

In the experiment with peacock butterflies the working hypothesis is that ____.

Accepted Answer

The experiment with peacock butterflies tests the working hypothesis that mimicry protects butterflies from being eaten by predatory birds.

Question 4

The control in an experiment ____.

Accepted Answer

A control group in an experiment is necessary to make comparisons with the experimental group. It allows researchers to determine whether changes in the experimental group are due to the treatment or another variable.

Question 5

Which level of taxonomy encompasses all of the others?

Accepted Answer

Class encompasses all other levels listed (family, order, species, genus) in the hierarchy of biological classification.

Question 6

A control group ____.

Accepted Answer

A control group is a group that is not given the treatment in an experiment. This allows researchers to compare the results of the experimental group to what would naturally happen without any intervention. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer.

Question 7

The final step in the scientific method for a scientist is ____.

Accepted Answer

The final step in the scientific method is to report the results of the experiment or investigation. This allows other scientists to review the work, replicate the experiment if necessary, and build upon the findings.

Question 8

In science,a theory is defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-documented explanation that is consistent with the evidence. It is not a guess, personal conviction, or description of an unexplained phenomenon. A hypothesis is an educated guess or prediction that can be tested through experimentation.

Question 9

Ernst Mayr was responsible for ____.

Accepted Answer

Ernst Mayr is best known for formulating the biological species concept, which defines a species as a group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, but are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Question 10

In the 2005 peacock butterfly experiment,what was the conclusion?

Accepted Answer

The experiment concluded that the clicking sounds made by peacock butterflies deterred predatory birds.

Question 11

Evolution has been tested in various ways.Genetic,fossil,anatomical,physiological and behavioral studies all confirm that evolution is the mechanism of the origin of species.Thus,in science evolution is considered a scientific ____.

Accepted Answer

In science, a theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation. Evolution is considered a scientific theory because it is a well-supported explanation for the diversity of life, based on evidence from a wide range of scientific disciplines.

Question 12

How did the experimental group differ from the control group in the 2005 peacock butterfly experiment?

Accepted Answer

In the 2005 peacock butterfly experiment, the experimental group was the one with butterflies that were spotless and soundless due to the removal of their wing scales. The control group consisted of butterflies with intact wing scales. The other options (A, B, D, and E) are not relevant to the experimental design or findings.

Question 13

What is the right sequence of events applied in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence in the scientific method starts with an initial observation, leading to a hypothesis. A test (experiment) is then conducted, followed by data analysis, and finally, a conclusion is drawn.

Question 14

In the Olestra potato chip experiment,the report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in January 1998 indicated that ____.

Accepted Answer

The report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in January 1998 indicated that there was no evidence that Olestra caused cramping.

Question 15

In the Olestra experiment conducted by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,the people who ate the Olestra potato chips were the ____.

Accepted Answer

The Olestra experiment involved testing the effects of consuming potato chips made with Olestra on participants. Therefore, the group that ate the Olestra potato chips would be the experimental group, and the group that did not eat them would be the control group.

Question 16

In order to verify a hypothesis,scientists ____.

Accepted Answer

To verify a hypothesis, scientists test it through experiments and/or observations. This allows them to gather data and evidence to support or refute the hypothesis. B, C, D, and E are also important aspects of the scientific method, but they are not the primary way that scientists verify a hypothesis.

Question 17

A result is statistically significant if ____.

Accepted Answer

A result is considered statistically significant if its probability of occurring by chance is very low. This is usually set at a probability level of 0.05 or less, meaning that there is less than a 5% chance that the result was due to chance alone. This is a commonly accepted level of significance in scientific research.

Question 18

An experimenter wanted to test the effects of cigarette smoking on rats.She infused the cages of 50 rats with cigarette smoke and the cages of another 50 rats with pure,clean air.The rats that received the clean air were the ____.

Accepted Answer

The rats that received the clean air are the control group, which serves as a baseline for comparison to the experimental group that received the cigarette smoke treatment.

Question 19

Scientists perform ____ in order to ____ a given ____.

Accepted Answer

Scientists perform experiments in order to test a given hypothesis. This is the most common way in which scientific research is conducted. Option B is incorrect because a law cannot be experimentally tested, it is a description of a natural phenomenon. Option C is incorrect because experiments test variables, not the other way around. Option D is incorrect because scientists do not test facts, they test hypotheses or theories. Option E is incorrect because hypotheses are already a proposed explanation and scientists use experiments to test whether they are accurate or not.

Question 20

A scientific theory ____.

Accepted Answer

A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed through observation and experimentation. Therefore, a scientific theory is widely accepted and supported by several evidences.

Quiz 1: Invitation To Biology