Question 1

The idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race is referred to as ____.

Accepted Answer

The idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race is referred to as eugenics. This has been a controversial topic throughout history, with many arguing that it can lead to discrimination and unethical practices.

Question 2

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond.
-Transgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions,such as cystic fibrosis,heart attacks,blood clotting disorders,and nerve gas exposure.

Accepted Answer

Goats are commonly used to produce transgenic proteins for medical use.

Answer: E
 Mice are also commonly used to produce transgenic proteins for medical use, including for cystic fibrosis and blood clotting disorders.

The other options are not typically used as hosts for producing transgenic proteins for medical use. A. tumefaciens is commonly used in plant genetic engineering, and E. coli is commonly used for producing recombinant proteins for research purposes. Rice is being developed as a host for producing edible vaccines, but this is still in the experimental stage.

Question 3

Which human body system is affected in individuals with SCIDs?

Accepted Answer

SCIDs (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) affect the immune system, specifically the ability to produce functional B and T cells. This leaves individuals vulnerable to repeated and severe infections, and can be life-threatening without early intervention.

Question 4

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond.
-A transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene,an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A,making it more nutritious to humans.

Accepted Answer

Rice has been genetically modified to include the gene for the production of β-carotene, which can be converted into vitamin A in the human body.

Answer: C 
 E. coli is commonly used in genetic engineering, including the production of recombinant proteins and the creation of genetically modified organisms.

Answer: D 
 Goats have been genetically modified to produce human proteins, such as antithrombin, in their milk for medical use.

Answer: E 
 Mice are commonly used in genetic research, including the study of gene function, drug development, and disease models.

Question 5

Match the following terms to the definition with which they best correspond.
-Fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer; can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest.

Accepted Answer

A probe is a fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer that can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest.

Answer: A
 A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome.

Answer: B
 A cloning vector is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed.

Answer: C
 DNA ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides in DNA, which is essential for the joining of two DNA fragments during cloning.

Answer: E
 A genome is the complete set of genetic material (DNA or RNA) in an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding sequences.

Question 6

Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin ____ in the cells of the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in the cells of the small intestine.

Question 7

How much Golden Rice will supply a child's daily need for the vitamin that is converted from beta-carotene?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How much Golden Rice will supply a...

Question 8

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond.
-Researchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans.

Accepted Answer

Transgenic mice have been extensively used in diabetes research, leading to a better understanding of the disease and the development of new treatments.

Answer: D
 Goats have been genetically modified to produce large amounts of human insulin, which has been used to treat diabetes in humans.

The other organisms listed have not played a significant role in diabetes research. A. tumefaciens is a bacterium used in genetic engineering, rice is a genetically modified crop plant, and E. coli is often used as a model organism in biology research.

Question 9

Match the following terms to the definition with which they best correspond.
-An organism's complete set of genetic material.

Accepted Answer

The term "genome" refers to an organism's complete set of genetic material.

Answer: B
 A "cloning vector" is a tool used in molecular biology to replicate DNA fragments and transfer them between organisms or cells.

Answer: C
 "DNA ligase" is an enzyme that is used to join two DNA fragments together.

Answer: D
 "Probe" is a short, labeled piece of DNA or RNA used to detect specific sequences in a larger DNA or RNA sample.

Answer: A
 "Single-nucleotide polymorphism" refers to a variation in a single nucleotide of DNA that occurs within a population.

Question 10

Gene therapy has been successful in curing ____.

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy has been successful in curing Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), also known as "bubble boy" disease. The therapy involves replacing the mutated gene responsible for the immune deficiency with a functional one using viral vectors. Gene therapy has not yet been successful in curing AIDS, diabetes, hemophilia A, or cystic fibrosis.

Question 11

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond.
-Genes can be introduced into plant cells using this bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Genes can be introduced into plant cells using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Answer: C
 E. coli is commonly used in genetic engineering for the production of recombinant proteins and the creation of transgenic animals.

Answer: B, D, E
 Rice, goats, and mice are all examples of organisms that can be genetically modified using various techniques. However, the question specifically mentions the use of bacteria, so choices B, D, and E are not the best matches for the given description.

Question 12

Match the following terms to the definition with which they best correspond.
-A DNA molecule that can accept foreign DNA and be replicated inside a host cell.

Accepted Answer

A cloning vector is specifically designed to accept foreign DNA and be replicated within a host cell.

Answer: C
 DNA ligase is an enzyme that can join two DNA fragments together, forming a covalent bond between adjacent nucleotides.

Answer: D
 A probe is a short single-stranded DNA sequence that is designed to hybridize with a specific target DNA sequence, allowing researchers to detect the presence of that sequence.

Answer: E
 The genome refers to the complete set of genetic information contained within an organism's DNA.

Answer: A
 A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) refers to a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome. SNPs may or may not be located in a coding region of a gene and can be used as genetic markers.

Question 13

Which animal makes human interleukin-2,a protein that triggers immune cells to divide and is being used as a cancer drug?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which animal makes human interleukin-2,a protein that...

Question 14

In gene therapy,what is transferred into an individual's chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

In gene therapy, an unmutated gene is transferred into an individual's chromosomes to replace a faulty or missing gene. This can be done through various methods such as viral vectors or CRISPR-Cas9 technology. The goal is to restore normal functioning of the affected cells and treat genetic diseases.

Question 15

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond.
-Slight modifications of this bacteria's genes have yielded fast-acting and slow-release forms of human insulin.

Accepted Answer

E. coli is commonly used in genetic engineering to produce proteins such as insulin.

Answer: D
 Goats have been genetically modified to produce human proteins, including insulin.

Note: None of the organisms listed correspond to the description of rice, A. tumefaciens, or mice.

Question 16

When performing gene therapy,DNA can be introduced into human cells by using genetically engineered ____,which are designed to deliver their genetic material into the cells they infect.

Accepted Answer

Genetically engineered viruses, such as retroviruses or adenoviruses, are commonly used in gene therapy to deliver and integrate new DNA into the genome of target cells. This allows for the correction of genetic defects or the introduction of new genes to treat diseases.

Question 17

Gene therapy is performed by ____.

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy is performed by transferring a normal or a modified gene into an individual with the goal of treating a genetic defect. This can be done by introducing a new gene into the patient's cells or by correcting a defective gene using techniques such as genome editing. The goal is to restore normal function to the patient's cells and tissues. Option A is incorrect because replacing an individual's entire genome is not currently feasible. Option B is correct as it describes the goal of gene therapy, but it is not specific enough to cover all methods of gene therapy. Option C is incorrect because transferring a mutated gene would not be expected to treat a genetic defect. Finally, option E is incorrect because enzyme replacement therapy is a separate treatment method from gene therapy.

Question 18

Crops have been genetically modified to resist the herbicide ____.

Accepted Answer

Glyphosate-resistant crops are the most widely grown genetically modified crops. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that targets and kills weeds, but the crops that have been genetically modified with glyphosate resistance can withstand the herbicide.

Question 19

If a virus-injected gene interrupts a growth control gene,____ could result.

Accepted Answer

Interruption of a growth control gene by a virus-injected gene can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division, which is one of the hallmarks of cancer.

Question 20

Currently,the only possible cure for genetic disorders is ____.

Accepted Answer

Gene therapy is currently the only possible cure for genetic disorders. Gene therapy aims to replace or repair the faulty genes in a patient's cells with healthy ones. It involves introducing a functional copy of the missing or defective gene into the patient's cells using various techniques including viral vectors, CRISPR/Cas9, and gene editing. Though still in the experimental stage, the success of gene therapy in treating certain genetic disorders like spinal muscular atrophy, sickle cell anemia, and Leber's congenital amaurosis gives hope for the future of genetic medicine.

Quiz 10: Biotechnology

The idea of deliberately improving the genetic qualities of the human race is referred to as ____.

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond. -Transgenic animals that produce proteins used to treat human conditions,such as cystic fibrosis,heart attacks,blood clotting disorders,and nerve gas exposure.

Which human body system is affected in individuals with SCIDs?

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond. -A transgenic plant that has been engineered to make β-carotene,an orange photosynthetic pigment that is remodeled by cells of the small intestine into vitamin A,making it more nutritious to humans.

Match the following terms to the definition with which they best correspond. -Fragment of DNA or RNA labeled with a tracer; can hybridize with a nucleotide sequence of interest.

Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin ____ in the cells of the small intestine.

How much Golden Rice will supply a child's daily need for the vitamin that is converted from beta-carotene?

Match the following organisms to the description with which they best correspond. -Researchers studied these transgenic animals resulting in much of our current understanding of how diabetes works in humans.

Match the following terms to the definition with which they best correspond. -An organism's complete set of genetic material.