Question 1

Studies of mitochondrial DNA among maternally related individuals allow recent____ to be identified.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of mitochondrial DNA among maternally related...

Question 2

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description.
-Change in the line of descent of a species.

Accepted Answer

The theory of evolution, proposed by Charles Darwin, suggests that species change over time through a process of natural selection, ultimately resulting in a change in the line of descent of a species.

Answer: A
 Catastrophism was a theory that proposed that major geological events, such as floods or earthquakes, were responsible for the extinction of certain species and the emergence of new ones.

Answer: C
 The theory of uniformity, also known as uniformitarianism, suggested that geological processes that occur today have always occurred in the same way throughout history, and were responsible for shaping the Earth's surface.

Answer: D
 The great chain of being was a theory that proposed that all living things were arranged in a hierarchical order, with humans at the top and less complex organisms, such as plants and minerals, at the bottom.

Question 3

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description.
-Gradual geological changes have shaped the Earth.

Accepted Answer

The theory of uniformity, also known as uniformitarianism, suggests that gradual geological changes, such as erosion and sedimentation, have shaped the Earth over long periods of time.

Question 4

Morphological divergence ____.

Accepted Answer

Morphological divergence refers to the change in body form from that of a common ancestor, which occurs over time due to natural selection, genetic drift and other evolutionary mechanisms. B, C, D and E are incorrect statements.

Question 5

These statements ask about a perception or line of thought associated with various researchers throughout history.For each description, select the best choice from the following naturalists.
-Malthus

Accepted Answer

Malthus is best known for his essay discussing the relationship between population growth and limited resources.

Answer: F
 Malthus did not form early ideas of the great chain of being. This description actually applies to Aristotle.

Question 6

Cactus spines are modified leaves adapted for dry climates,while the leaves of the Venus fly trap plant are adapted to capture insects.These structures are therefore ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cactus spines are modified leaves adapted for...

Question 7

The study of the body structures of the ostrich,emu and rhea shown here is an example of  ____.

Accepted Answer

The study of the body structures of different organisms to identify similarities and differences is known as comparative morphology. In this case, the body structures of ostriches, emus, and rheas are being compared and studied, making (B) the correct answer. Morphological divergence refers to the differences that arise between related species over time. Anatomical convergence is when different organisms evolve similar body structures due to similar selective pressures. Biogeography studies the distribution of organisms over space and time while radiometric dating is a method used to determine the age of rocks or fossils.

Question 8

Master genes that affect development tend to be highly ____; therefore,similarities in patterns of embryonic development reflect shared ancestry that can be evolutionarily ancient.

Accepted Answer

Master genes that affect development are conserved, meaning they have remained relatively unchanged over evolutionary time. This conservation allows for similarities in embryonic development to reflect shared ancestry, even if the organisms being compared diverged from a common ancestor a very long time ago.

Question 9

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description.
-Species represent links in a chain leading towards perfection.

Accepted Answer

The Great Chain of Being theory suggests that all living organisms exist in a hierarchy with species representing links in a chain leading towards perfection.

Answer: A
 Catastrophism held that massive, catastrophic events had shaped the Earth, leading to the extinction of certain species and the creation of new ones.

Answer: B
 Evolution theory suggests that species change over time due to natural selection and genetic variation.

Answer: C
 The Theory of Uniformity held that the Earth's surface had been shaped by gradual processes occurring over a long period of time, rather than being created by sudden catastrophic events.

Question 10

Comparisons between the cytochrome b protein sequence in the honeycreeper versus the deer mouse and the Gough Island finch reveals eighteen and four amino acid differences,respectively.Therefore,_____.

Accepted Answer

The honeycreeper and the Gough Island finch have fewer amino acid differences, indicating a closer relationship. The honeycreeper and deer mouse have more amino acid differences, suggesting they are less closely related.

Question 11

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below.
-portions of Earth's outermost layer of rock,which move continents to new locations over geologic time

Accepted Answer

Tectonic plates are the large, outermost layers of Earth's crust that move and interact, causing continental drift and changes to the landscape over time.

Question 12

An example of morphological divergence is the wing of a bat and the ____.

Accepted Answer

The wing of a bat and the hand of a human are examples of morphological divergence because they share a common evolutionary origin but have diverged to perform different functions. Both structures are derived from the forelimbs of a common ancestor but have evolved differently, with the bat's wing adapted for flight and the human hand adapted for manipulation.

Question 13

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below.
-wells up at oceanic ridges and drives the movement of tectonic plates

Accepted Answer

Magma is the best choice as it wells up at oceanic ridges and drives movements of tectonic plates, contributing to the formation of new crust and the recycling of old crust.

Question 14

Which genes guide the formation of specific body parts during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Homeotic genes guide the formation of specific body parts during embryonic development. Homologous genes refer to genes that have a similar sequence and/or function in different species, and are not directly related to embryonic development. Recessive, dominant, and homozygotic refer to patterns of inheritance and are not specific to embryonic development.

Question 15

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below.
-where the advancing edge of one plate plows under an adjacent plate,buckling it

Accepted Answer

The answer of These statements ask about elements and isotopes...

Question 16

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below.
-ruptures in Earth's crust where plates meet

Accepted Answer

Faults are ruptures in the Earth's crust where plates meet.

Question 17

Variations in the timing of master gene expression during embryonic development in vertebrates is responsible for ____.

Accepted Answer

Variations in the timing of master gene expression during embryonic development in vertebrates are responsible for differences in adult body form. This is because master genes are responsible for regulating the expression of other genes involved in the development of specific body structures and organs. Differences in the timing of master gene expression can lead to differences in the development of these structures and therefore result in variations in body form.

Question 18

Similar structures that have evolved independently in different lineages that do not share common ancestry are called ____.

Accepted Answer

Analogous structures are those that have evolved independently in different lineages to serve similar functions, but do not share a common ancestral origin, fitting the description given.

Question 19

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description.
-Unique catastrophic geological events altered the face of the Earth in the past.

Accepted Answer

Catastrophism was the theory that explained the new information discovered during the 19th century which suggested that unique catastrophic geological events altered the face of the Earth in the past.

Question 20

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below.
-these form as a plate moves across an undersea hot spot

Accepted Answer

Volcanic island chains (archipelagos) form as a plate moves across an undersea hot spot, such as the Hawaiian Islands. The formation and age of these islands can provide important information about the movement of tectonic plates and the history of the Earth's crust.

Quiz 11: Evidence Of Evolution

Studies of mitochondrial DNA among maternally related individuals allow recent____ to be identified.

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description. -Change in the line of descent of a species.

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description. -Gradual geological changes have shaped the Earth.

Morphological divergence ____.

These statements ask about a perception or line of thought associated with various researchers throughout history.For each description, select the best choice from the following naturalists. -Malthus

Cactus spines are modified leaves adapted for dry climates,while the leaves of the Venus fly trap plant are adapted to capture insects.These structures are therefore ____.

The study of the body structures of the ostrich,emu and rhea shown here is an example of ____.

Master genes that affect development tend to be highly ____; therefore,similarities in patterns of embryonic development reflect shared ancestry that can be evolutionarily ancient.

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description. -Species represent links in a chain leading towards perfection.

Comparisons between the cytochrome b protein sequence in the honeycreeper versus the deer mouse and the Gough Island finch reveals eighteen and four amino acid differences,respectively.Therefore,_____.

An example of morphological divergence is the wing of a bat and the ____.

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below. -wells up at oceanic ridges and drives the movement of tectonic plates

Which genes guide the formation of specific body parts during embryonic development?

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below. -where the advancing edge of one plate plows under an adjacent plate,buckling it

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below. -ruptures in Earth's crust where plates meet

Variations in the timing of master gene expression during embryonic development in vertebrates is responsible for ____.

Similar structures that have evolved independently in different lineages that do not share common ancestry are called ____.

These statements ask about the various theories that were presented in an attempt to explain the new information discovered during the 19th century.Match the theory with the description. -Unique catastrophic geological events altered the face of the Earth in the past.

These statements ask about elements and isotopes that have been important in learning about earth's history and the age of organisms.For each one, select the best choice from the five isotopes or elements below. -these form as a plate moves across an undersea hot spot