Question 1

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders:
-Cystinosis

Accepted Answer

Cystinosis is characterized by the accumulation of cystine within cells, leading to the formation of crystals in various tissues and organs. The sulfur-containing amino acid cystine can give off a sulfur-like odor, which is why cystinosis is associated with a sulfur smell.

Question 2

The following urinalysis results are obtained from a newborn:
 
-Based on the information provided,what additional unusual characteristic might be found in this urine?

Accepted Answer

The presence of an unusual odor in urine can indicate a metabolic disorder or infection, which is not directly related to the presence of uric acid crystals, renal tubular epithelial cells, or a positive Clinitest result.

Question 3

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations:
-A new employee consistently obtains negative Watson-Schwartz test results on suspected cases of lead poisoning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State what action the urinalysis supervisor could...

Question 4

The following urinalysis results are obtained from a newborn:
 
-Based on the information provided,what screening test should be performed on this specimen?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following urinalysis results are obtained from...

Question 5

Both cystine and leucine crystals are present in the urine of patients with cystinuria.

Accepted Answer

Cystinuria is characterized by the presence of cystine crystals in the urine, not leucine crystals. Leucine crystals may indicate a different metabolic disorder.

Question 6

Select the appropriate screening test result for the following disorders:
-Homocystinuria

Accepted Answer

Homocystinuria is detected using the silver nitroprusside test, which detects excess homocysteine in the urine. The cyanide-nitroprusside test is used to detect the presence of cystine in the urine in cystinuria. Acetest is used to test for the presence of ketones in the urine. Ehrlich reaction is used to detect the presence of porphobilinogen in the urine in porphyrias.

Question 7

Argentaffin cell tumors produce large amounts of serotonin.

Accepted Answer

Argentaffin cell tumors, also known as carcinoid tumors, produce large amounts of serotonin which can cause symptoms such as flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing.

Question 8

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations:
-An employee reports a negative nitroso-napthol test on a suspected case of tyrosyluria.

Accepted Answer

MS/MS testing (tandem mass spectrometry) is a more definitive test for metabolic disorders like tyrosyluria, providing accurate identification and quantification of metabolites in the blood.

Question 9

Select the appropriate screening test result for the following disorders:
-Methylmalonic acidemia

Accepted Answer

p-Nitroaniline is used in the screening for Methylmalonic acidemia, as it detects methylmalonic acid in urine.

Question 10

Persons diagnosed with PKU should avoid foods containing the chemical additive aspartame.

Accepted Answer

Aspartame contains phenylalanine, which cannot be properly metabolized by individuals with PKU. Consuming aspartame can lead to a buildup of phenylalanine in the body, which can cause health complications for those with PKU. Therefore, it is important for individuals with PKU to avoid foods containing aspartame.

Question 11

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations:
-Many uric acid crystals are reported in the urine of a 15-year-old boy with an unremarkable medical history,except for previous episodes of renal calculi.

Accepted Answer

Uric acid crystals in a young patient with renal calculi could indicate cystinuria, so checking for cystine crystals is appropriate.

Question 12

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders:
-Phenylketonuria

Accepted Answer

Phenylketonuria is characterized by a musty or mousy odor due to the accumulation of phenylalanine in the body.

Question 13

The following urinalysis results are obtained from a newborn:
 
-Based on the information provided,what is the infant's most probable disorder?

Accepted Answer

The presence of "maple syrup" smell in the urine of newborns along with elevated levels of branched-chain amino acids is indicative of maple syrup urine disease, which is caused by deficiencies in enzymes involved in the catabolism of these amino acids. Lesch-Nyhan disease, isovaleric acidemia, and tyrosyluria do not present with the characteristic "maple syrup" smell in the urine.

Question 14

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders:
-Isovaleric acidemia

Accepted Answer

Isovaleric acidemia is associated with a characteristic odor of sweaty feet. This is due to the buildup of isovaleric acid in the body, which can be excreted in sweat. The odor has been described as resembling that of sweaty socks or musty cheese.

Question 15

Select the appropriate screening test result for the following disorders:
-Hurler syndrome

Accepted Answer

Hurler syndrome is a type of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS I), and the CTAB test is used for screening by detecting the presence of glycosaminoglycans in urine, which are elevated in Hurler syndrome.

Question 16

Failure of a metabolic pathway to reach completion may be caused by an inborn error of metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic disorders that affect the functioning of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, leading to a failure to complete the pathway.

Question 17

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations:
-A positive Clinitest with a yellow precipitate is noted from a patient with liver and cardiac abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State what action the urinalysis supervisor could...

Question 18

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders:
-Maple syrup urine disease

Accepted Answer

Maple syrup urine disease is named for the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants' urine, which is said to resemble maple syrup or burnt sugar. This odor is a result of the accumulation of certain amino acids in the body.

Question 19

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations:
-An employee questions the finding of a positive glucose on a yellow-blue urine from an underweight child with a normal blood glucose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of State what action the urinalysis supervisor could...

Question 20

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction is the confirmatory test for maple syrup urine disease.

Accepted Answer

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction is used to detect the presence of ketones and aldehydes, not for diagnosing maple syrup urine disease, which is identified by elevated levels of certain amino acids in the urine.

Quiz 8: Urine Screening for Metabolic Disorders

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders: -Cystinosis

The following urinalysis results are obtained from a newborn: -Based on the information provided,what additional unusual characteristic might be found in this urine?

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations: -A new employee consistently obtains negative Watson-Schwartz test results on suspected cases of lead poisoning.

The following urinalysis results are obtained from a newborn: -Based on the information provided,what screening test should be performed on this specimen?

Both cystine and leucine crystals are present in the urine of patients with cystinuria.

Select the appropriate screening test result for the following disorders: -Homocystinuria

Argentaffin cell tumors produce large amounts of serotonin.

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations: -An employee reports a negative nitroso-napthol test on a suspected case of tyrosyluria.

Select the appropriate screening test result for the following disorders: -Methylmalonic acidemia

Persons diagnosed with PKU should avoid foods containing the chemical additive aspartame.

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations: -Many uric acid crystals are reported in the urine of a 15-year-old boy with an unremarkable medical history,except for previous episodes of renal calculi.

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders: -Phenylketonuria

The following urinalysis results are obtained from a newborn: -Based on the information provided,what is the infant's most probable disorder?

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders: -Isovaleric acidemia

Select the appropriate screening test result for the following disorders: -Hurler syndrome

Failure of a metabolic pathway to reach completion may be caused by an inborn error of metabolism.

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations: -A positive Clinitest with a yellow precipitate is noted from a patient with liver and cardiac abnormalities.

Choose the characteristic odor for the following disorders: -Maple syrup urine disease

State what action the urinalysis supervisor could take in the following situations: -An employee questions the finding of a positive glucose on a yellow-blue urine from an underweight child with a normal blood glucose.

The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction is the confirmatory test for maple syrup urine disease.