Upstream and downstream refer to the degree of horizontal integration.

Name: Upstream and downstream refer to the degree of horizontal integration.
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Upstream and downstream refer to stages in the supply chain, with upstream referring to the production side (e.g., raw materials) and downstream to the distribution side (e.g., retail). Horizontal integration refers to a company expanding its operations at the same point in the supply chain.

Upstream and Downstream Refer to the Degree of Horizontal Integration