Question 1

Peer groups begin to segregate boys and girls starting in
A) Preschool.
B) Elementary School.
C) Junior High.
D) High School.

Accepted Answer

Research shows that peer groups begin to segregate by gender as early as preschool age. Children start to form same-sex friendships and adopt gender-typed behaviors and interests, leading to gender segregation in play and activities.

Question 2

Jane belongs to a group in which if one wants to participate in the group, one freely accepts the rules. In Jane's group, rules are imposed on oneself by oneself. Jane's group membership would be characterized as ascribing to a(n)
A) Morality of Cooperation.
B) Morality of Constraint.
C) Morality of Structure.
D) Authoritarian Point of View.

Accepted Answer

Jane's group membership ascribes to a Morality of Cooperation, where individuals voluntarily participate and accept rules imposed on themselves by themselves. This is a collaborative and cooperative approach to group membership rather than one that is constrained or dictated by authority (Morality of Constraint) or structured by external rules and regulations (Morality of Structure). The Authoritarian Point of View is unrelated to Jane's group membership.

Question 3

Peer pressure for appropriate gender-type play has been observed as early as age
A) 1 year.
B) 2 years.
C) 6 years.
D) 12 years.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that peer pressure for appropriate gender-type play can be observed as early as age 2. By age 2, children have already begun to categorize objects and people into gender groups, and they start to learn and conform to gender norms through observation and interaction with others.

Question 4

Which parenting style often has children who alienate themselves from parental values and are attracted to the peer group to gain understanding and acceptance?
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parenting is characterized by high demands and low responsiveness. Parents who use this style often rely on punishment rather than discipline, leading to a lack of emotional understanding and support. As a result, children may feel alienated and turn to their peer group for the understanding and acceptance they do not receive at home.

Question 5

Morality of cooperation refers to
A) Behavior based on mutual understanding between equals.
B) Behavior based on respect for persons in authority.
C) Heteronomous morality.
D) No answers are correct .

Accepted Answer

Morality of cooperation refers to behavior that is based on mutual understanding and collaboration between equals. It involves respecting each other's rights and needs, and working together towards a common goal. This type of morality is often seen as a more mature and advanced form of moral reasoning than heteronomous morality, which is based on obedience to authority. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 6

According to your text, children are most susceptible to the influence of peers during
A) Infancy.
B) Early childhood.
C) Middle childhood.
D) Adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your text, children are most...

Question 7

The imaginary audience is
A) The same as cognitive conceit.
B) The belief that others are as concerned with one's behavior and appearance as one is oneself.
C) A theory about reality assumed to be true without examining or evaluating contradictory data.
D) An autonomous interdependent friendship.

Accepted Answer

The imaginary audience is the belief that others are as concerned with one's behavior and appearance as one is oneself. It is a commonly observed phenomenon in adolescent development where individuals feel like they are being watched and judged by others constantly.

Question 8

Observations of elementary school children in the United States demonstrate that boys and girls are _________ aware of the opposite sex.
A) Not at all
B) Hardly
C) Somewhat
D) Very

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that elementary school children in the United States are very aware of the opposite sex. They show interest in playing with peers of the opposite sex, include them in their social groups, and often talk about relationships and crushes.

Question 9

The socializing mechanism peers use to influence behavior is
A) Reinforcement.
B) Modeling.
C) Rejection.
D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

Peers influence behavior through reinforcement (rewarding or punishing behaviors), modeling (demonstrating behaviors for others to imitate), and rejection (excluding or discouraging certain behaviors), making all of these mechanisms through which socialization occurs.

Question 10

Which parenting style has been associated with children's social-behavioral competence and confidence?
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Indifferent/Uninvolved

Accepted Answer

The authoritative parenting style which is characterized by high levels of warmth, responsiveness, and control has been associated with children's social-behavioral competence and confidence. Authoritative parents set clear limits and rules for their children while also providing emotional support, encouragement, and reasoning. This helps children to develop self-regulation and social skills that help them succeed in social settings.

Question 11

The extent to which modeling influences behavior depends on
A) The situation.
B) The model.
C) The observer.
D) All answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The extent to which modeling influences behavior depends on all of the factors listed, including the situation, model, and observer. Different situations may lead to different outcomes, certain models may be more influential than others, and the observer's characteristics and experiences can also affect the impact of the modeling. Therefore, all answers are correct.

Question 12

The peer group is
A) A microsystem.
B) A group of individuals who are of approximately the same gender, age, and social status and who share interests.
C) A significant socializing force.
D) All answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct. The peer group is a microsystem and a significant socializing force, but it is also defined as a group of individuals who share similar characteristics such as gender, age, and social status while also having common interests.

Question 13

According to your text, morality of constraint is usually fostered by the
A) Peer group.
B) Family or school.
C) Media.
D) Imaginary friend.

Accepted Answer

The text states that morality of constraint is usually fostered by the family or school.

Question 14

The onset of sexual behavior in teens differs according to
A) Peer group.
B) Church attendance.
C) Gender.
D) All answers are correct.

Accepted Answer

The onset of sexual behavior in teens can be influenced by a variety of factors including their peer group, which can shape attitudes and behaviors towards sex; church attendance, which can reflect the influence of religious beliefs on attitudes towards sex; and gender, as societal and biological differences can affect when and how teens engage in sexual behavior.

Question 15

Furman & Masters (1980) found children's punitive acts, or negative reinforcers,
A) Were followed by positive behaviors in peers.
B) Resulted in negative peer behavior more often than positive reinforcers resulted in affective behavior.
C) Did not affect the behavior of their peers.
D) None of the answers apply.

Accepted Answer

Furman & Masters (1980) found that children's punitive acts resulted in negative peer behavior more often than positive reinforcers resulted in affective behavior. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 16

An example of a tangible support is
A) Sharing toys.
B) Giving advice.
C) Companionship.
D) Empathy.

Accepted Answer

Sharing toys is an example of tangible support, as it involves a physical object or resource being directly given to another person for their use or benefit. Giving advice, companionship, and empathy are examples of other types of social support that are intangible and don't involve a concrete object or resource.

Question 17

Preadolescent children are beginning to struggle with
A) Trust vs. Mistrust.
B) Autonomy vs. Doubt.
C) Preoperations.
D) Identity vs. Identity Confusion.

Accepted Answer

During preadolescence, children are typically between the ages of 9 and 12 and are in Erickson's stage of development known as "Identity vs. Identity Confusion." During this stage, they are beginning to develop a sense of self and are exploring different aspects of their personality and identity. They may experiment with different roles and behaviors in order to figure out who they are and what they believe in.

Question 18

Loosely organized reference groups of cliques are called
A) Crowds.
B) Apprenticeships.
C) Victims.
D) Sets.

Accepted Answer

Crowds are loosely organized reference groups that may consist of cliques and other groups. Apprenticeships are not related to reference groups, and victims are not a type of reference group. Sets refers to a particular group of people with shared interests or affiliations, but it does not specifically refer to a reference group.

Question 19

Children under age seven years are not susceptible to group pressure because they
A) Have limited understanding of the relationship(s) between objects, events, and people.
B) Are in the stage of concrete operational thought.
C) Have little opportunity for social interaction.
D) Cannot share.

Accepted Answer

Children under seven years old have limited cognitive abilities and do not fully understand social expectations and relationships, making them less susceptible to group pressure.

Question 20

Adolescents tend to turn to their parents for future-oriented decisions such as
A) Clothing.
B) Dating.
C) Recreation.
D) Scholastic goals.

Accepted Answer

Scholastic goals are future-oriented decisions that require guidance and support from parents. It is important for adolescents to discuss their academic aspirations and goals with their parents in order to plan for the future and create a clear path towards their desired career or educational path. While clothing, dating, and recreation are important aspects of an adolescent's life, they are more focused on current needs and desires rather than future-oriented decisions.

Quiz 8: Ecology of the Peer Group

Peer groups begin to segregate boys and girls starting in

Jane belongs to a group in which if one wants to participate in the group, one freely accepts the rules. In Jane's group, rules are imposed on oneself by oneself. Jane's group membership would be characterized as ascribing to a(n)

Peer pressure for appropriate gender-type play has been observed as early as age

Which parenting style often has children who alienate themselves from parental values and are attracted to the peer group to gain understanding and acceptance?

Morality of cooperation refers to

According to your text, children are most susceptible to the influence of peers during

The imaginary audience is

Observations of elementary school children in the United States demonstrate that boys and girls are _________ aware of the opposite sex.

The socializing mechanism peers use to influence behavior is

Which parenting style has been associated with children's social-behavioral competence and confidence?

The extent to which modeling influences behavior depends on

The peer group is

According to your text, morality of constraint is usually fostered by the

The onset of sexual behavior in teens differs according to

Furman & Masters (1980) found children's punitive acts, or negative reinforcers,

An example of a tangible support is

Preadolescent children are beginning to struggle with

Loosely organized reference groups of cliques are called

Children under age seven years are not susceptible to group pressure because they

Adolescents tend to turn to their parents for future-oriented decisions such as