Question 1

Compare and contrast how issues relating to sex, gender, and sexuality are present at the micro, meso, and macro levels of the social world. Provide examples.

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Question 2

Define and describe the term heteronormativity. Provide examples.

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Question 3

What is the difference between de jure and de facto discrimination? Provide at least one example each of de jure and de facto gender discrimination.

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Question 4

Only radical feminist theories argue for bringing about a new and equal ordering of gender relationships to eliminate the patriarchy and sexism of current gender-stratification systems.

Accepted Answer

While radical feminist theories strongly emphasize the need to dismantle patriarchal structures to achieve gender equality, other feminist perspectives, such as socialist feminism and liberal feminism, also advocate for changes in gender relationships and the elimination of sexism, albeit through different approaches and focuses.

Question 5

As of 2007, less than 30 states had "Defense of Marriage Acts" or constitutional amendments prohibiting same-sex marriage.

Accepted Answer

By 2007, more than 30 states had enacted "Defense of Marriage Acts" or constitutional amendments prohibiting same-sex marriage.

Question 6

Name one meso-level agent of socialization that teaches children about normalized gender roles. How does this agent socialize children into masculine or feminine roles?

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Question 7

Images of models in magazines and on television can lead to the "beauty image" problem.

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Images of models in magazines and on television often depict a narrow and unrealistic standard of beauty, which can lead to the "beauty image" problem. This can result in individuals (especially young people) feeling pressure to conform to this standard, leading to negative effects on their self-esteem and body image.

Question 8

Compare and contrast side-effect and past-in-present discrimination. How do the social institutions of religion and work relate in a way that may result in side-effect discrimination, especially toward women?

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Question 9

Media images have little to no impact on how we see ourselves.

Accepted Answer

Media images can have a significant impact on how we see ourselves, as they often portray unrealistic and idealized standards of beauty that can lead to feelings of inadequacy or low self-esteem. Additionally, constant exposure to these images can normalize certain beauty standards and influence our perceptions of what is attractive or desirable.

Question 10

How can men be victims of gender discrimination? Use information from the text in your answer.

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Question 11

A hunter-gatherer society is most likely held together by organic solidarity.

Accepted Answer

Hunter-gatherer societies are typically held together by mechanical solidarity, where social cohesion and integration come from the homogeneity of individuals—people feel connected through similar work, educational and religious training, and lifestyle. Organic solidarity is more characteristic of complex, industrial societies where individuals perform different tasks and roles.

Question 12

Expressive roles are more expected in the private sphere, while instrumental roles are more expected in the public sphere.

Accepted Answer

Expressive roles, such as nurturing and emotional support, are traditionally associated with women and expected in the private sphere of the home and family. Instrumental roles, such as decision-making and leadership, are traditionally associated with men and expected in the public sphere of work and politics. However, these gender roles are not fixed and may vary across cultures and individuals.

Question 13

What is "doing gender"? Name and explain one instance in which you or a close friend "did gender."

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Question 14

Compare and contrast homophobia and heterosexism. Provide examples.

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Question 15

According to the text, how does anticipatory socialization impact future gender roles? Provide examples.

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Question 16

Describe how past-in-present discrimination has affected women. Include concrete examples in your answer.

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Question 17

Gender is biological in nature; sex is socially constructed.

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Gender is a socially constructed concept that includes social and cultural norms and expectations about masculine and feminine identities and behaviors. Sex, on the other hand, refers to biological differences between male, female, and intersex individuals.

Question 18

Define and describe the "superwoman syndrome." Provide examples.

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Question 19

Women are considered a minority group.

Accepted Answer

Women are considered a minority group due to historical and systemic discrimination and oppression based on gender. However, it is important to note that women make up approximately half of the world's population, and there is great diversity within this group based on factors such as race, ethnicity, sexuality, and socioeconomic status.

Question 20

Compare and contrast gender and sex. Provide one example of each.

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Quiz 9: Gender Stratification: Shehe Who Goes First