Question 1

Because consumers buy products that are extensions of their personalities,marketers try to create ________ that will appeal to different types of people.

Accepted Answer

Marketers create brand personalities to appeal to different types of people, as these personalities can align with the consumers' own personalities, making the products more attractive to them.

Question 2

The set of stages through which family members pass as they grow older is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The set of stages through which family members pass as they grow older is referred to as the family life cycle. Option A, self-esteem, is an individual concept and not related to the family. Option B, social class, is a position in society and may not be applicable to all families. Option D, self-concept, is an individual's perception of themselves and not related to the family. Option E, psychographic cycle, is not a recognized term in family studies.

Question 3

________ refers to how positive a person's ________ is.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ refers to how positive a person's...

Question 4

________,the doing component of attitudes,involves a consumer's intention to do something,such as the intention to purchase or use a certain product.

Accepted Answer

The behavior component of attitudes refers to a consumer's intention to do something, such as purchasing or using a product. Affect refers to the emotional aspect of attitudes, cognition refers to beliefs and thoughts about a product, motivation refers to the driving force behind behavior, and personality is the stable set of characteristics that influence behavior.

Question 5

An attitude is ________.

Accepted Answer

An attitude is a lasting evaluation of a person, object, or issue. It represents a person's positive or negative views towards something and serves to guide their behavior and decision-making. Attitudes are typically formed from previous experiences, beliefs, values, and emotions.

Question 6

AIO stands for ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of AIO stands for ________.
...

Question 7

Through ________,a person repeatedly perceives two stimuli at the same time and eventually transfers his response from one stimulus to the other.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a person learns to associate two stimuli and respond to one of them in the same way he would respond to the other. In classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response. Eventually, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that elicits the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. This process is called transfer of response from one stimulus to the other.

Question 8

________ is the feeling component of attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Affect refers to the emotional response or feeling that an individual has towards an object, person, or situation. It is the feeling component of attitudes. Cognition refers to the thoughts, beliefs, and knowledge that an individual has regarding an object, person, or situation. Behavior refers to the actions or observable responses of an individual towards an object, person, or situation. Motivation refers to the driving force or reason that influences behavior. Personality refers to the overall pattern of behaviors and characteristics that distinguish one individual from another.

Question 9

________ theory views people as problem solvers and stresses the role of creativity and insight in the learning process.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive learning theory emphasizes that people are active problem solvers who use their creativity and insight to understand information and solve problems. This theory places a greater emphasis on mental processes like perception, memory, and reasoning rather than just external stimuli or responses.

Question 10

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both examples of ________.

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both forms of behavioral learning, which focuses on how the environment shapes and reinforces behavior.

Question 11

________ is the knowing component of attitudes.It is the beliefs or knowledge a person has about a product and its important characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Cognition is the knowing component of attitudes, which refers to the beliefs or knowledge that a person has about a product and its important characteristics. Affect refers to the emotional component of attitudes, behavior refers to the actions or intentions related to a product, motivation refers to the driving force behind behavior, and personality refers to the individual differences in characteristics and tendencies.

Question 12

To breathe life into demographic analysis,marketers turn to ________ that group consumers according to psychological and behavioral similarities.

Accepted Answer

Psychographics group consumers based on psychological and behavioral similarities, which helps marketers understand their target audience at a deeper level. This approach goes beyond demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and income, and looks at factors such as values, attitudes, and lifestyles.

Question 13

________ occurs when people learn that their actions result in rewards or punishments.

Accepted Answer

The description of people learning that their actions result in rewards or punishments is indicative of operant conditioning, which involves learning through consequences of behavior. Classical conditioning involves learning an association between two stimuli, observational learning involves learning by watching others, cognitive conditioning is not a recognized term in psychology, and information searching does not refer to the process of learning through consequences.

Question 14

Cognitive learning theories assume that ________.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive learning theories focus on the idea that people actively process, interpret, and organize information in order to make meaning out of it. This includes problem-solving, critical thinking, and decision-making, and is seen as a much more active process than simple reaction to stimuli as suggested in option A. Option B describes associative learning theories, which are a separate category altogether. Option C is partially true but does not capture the full scope of cognitive learning theories. Option E is incorrect as cognitive learning theories emphasize active engagement and participation in the learning process.

Question 15

________ occurs when people watch the actions of others,note what happens as a result of the behavior,and then later use that information to guide their own behavior.

Accepted Answer

The given scenario describes observational learning, which involves the process of learning by observing the behavior of others and the consequences of that behavior. The observer then adjusts his/her behavior accordingly based on the observed outcomes. This type of learning is also known as social learning or modeling. Operant conditioning involves learning based on the consequences of one's own behavior, while classical conditioning involves learning through the association of stimuli. Stimulus discrimination refers to the ability to differentiate between different stimuli, while attitudinal learning pertains to changes in attitudes or beliefs.

Question 16

Singles of any age are more likely to spend money on expensive cars,entertainment,and recreation,while new parents spend money on baby furniture.These purchases reflect the different stages of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The family life cycle refers to the different stages that individuals and families go through as they age and experience different life events. These stages include being single, getting married or committing to a long-term partnership, having children, and becoming empty nesters. Each stage is associated with different purchases and consumption patterns, such as buying expensive cars and entertainment as a single person, or purchasing baby furniture as a new parent. Therefore, the best answer is C, family life cycle.

Question 17

A person's attitude has three components.They are ________.

Accepted Answer

The three components of attitudes are affect (feelings), cognition (beliefs), and behavior (actions or intentions). These components work together to shape and influence a person's attitude towards a particular person, situation, or object. Psychological, physiological, situational, emotion, environment, cognitive, operant, ritual, cultural, and referential may be related to attitudes, but they are not the specific components of attitudes.

Question 18

A ________ is a pattern of living that determines how people choose to spend their time,money,and energy and that reflects their values,tastes,and preferences.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided fits the concept of lifestyle, which includes personal choices and habits regarding how one spends their time, money, and energy based on their values, tastes, and preferences. The other options, such as family life cycle, personality, motivation, and self-concept, do not encompass such a broad and all-encompassing definition.

Question 19

A person's ________ is composed of a mixture of his beliefs about his abilities and observations of his own behavior and feelings (both positive and negative).

Accepted Answer

A person's self-concept is their overall perception of themselves, including their beliefs about their abilities and observations of their own behavior and feelings. Personality refers to a person's unique and enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Lifestyle refers to a person's habitual behaviors and patterns of consumption. Attitude refers to a person's evaluation or belief about a particular object, person, or situation. Cognition refers to the mental processes of perception, knowledge, and understanding. None of these fully capture the idea of a person's beliefs about themselves and their observations of their own behavior and feelings, which is why B is the best choice.

Question 20

Personality is ________.

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the unique set of psychological characteristics that consistently influence the way a person responds to situations in the environment. It is a relatively stable and enduring pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish individuals from one another. Options A, B, C, and D refer to different concepts related to motivation, perception, learning, and attitude, respectively, but they are not comprehensive enough to capture the complexity of personality.

Quiz 5: Consumer Behavior: How and Why We Buy