Question 1

Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates

Accepted Answer

Central route persuasion refers to the process by which a person considers the content and logic of persuasive arguments, which can result in a change in opinion. Therefore, when an opinion change results from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments, it illustrates central route persuasion.

Question 2

After reflecting on the power of choice,participants in experiments became increasingly less likely to attribute the misfortunes of others to

Accepted Answer

The power of choice emphasizes the importance of situational influences on behavior, thus participants became less likely to attribute misfortunes to personality traits or role playing.

Question 3

Attitudes are especially likely to affect behavior when

Accepted Answer

When external influences on behavior are minimal, such as when there are no social pressures or other situational factors influencing behavior, attitudes are more likely to have a direct impact on behavior. This is because in the absence of external pressure, people are more free to act according to their own beliefs and values. A, C, and D are not necessarily true indicators of when attitudes will influence behavior. Implicit attitudes may not be consciously recognized, but they can still have an impact on behavior. Publicly stated attitudes may not reflect internal beliefs or values, and attitudes that differ from others' opinions can still be overridden by situational factors.

Question 4

When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid,you agree.When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products,you make the purchase.The salesperson appears to have made effective use of

Accepted Answer

The salesperson appears to have made use of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, which involves getting a person to agree to a small request (trying a free sample), and then later asking for a bigger request (purchasing expensive cleaning products). This tactic relies on the principle of consistency, where people tend to comply with requests that are consistent with their past behavior.

Question 5

The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a stranger's

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to overemphasize dispositional (internal/personality) explanations for someone's behavior rather than considering situational factors. Therefore, in the given options, attributing a stranger's act of kindness to a compassionate personality is the most likely example of the fundamental attribution error.

Question 6

Darcy is in the market to buy a new car.The salesperson shows her the features of each car she is considering,explaining the pros and cons of purchasing each.The salesperson's strategy illustrates

Accepted Answer

The salesperson's strategy of showing the features of each car and explaining the pros and cons is an example of central route persuasion. This method involves logical arguments and evidence to persuade, focusing on the quality and the content of the message.

Question 7

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are belief-based feelings that guide behavior.

Question 8

Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that

Accepted Answer

Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor are demonstrating inconsistency between their attitudes (support for the tax increase) and their actions (opposing it publicly). This illustrates that actions and attitudes may sometimes be inconsistent.

Question 9

After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch "Be a Safe Driver" sign,California home owners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as the foot-in-the-door technique, where a small request is first made before a larger one is presented, making people more likely to comply with the larger request. In this case, the first request for the small sign set the stage for the homeowners to then agree to the larger, unattractive sign.

Question 10

Whether a person exercises regularly is best predicted by his or her attitude about

Accepted Answer

The attitude toward exercise is directly related to whether or not a person exercises regularly. If someone has a positive attitude toward exercise and sees it as enjoyable or necessary for their health, they are more likely to commit to a regular exercise routine. Conversely, if someone sees exercise as a chore or a burden, they are less likely to consistently participate in physical activity. Attitudes toward sports training or physical health may contribute to one's attitude toward exercise, but they are not as strong of predictors as the attitude toward exercise itself. Social loafing is unrelated to this question.

Question 11

Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate,ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images.This strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This strategy best illustrates peripheral route persuasion, which focuses on superficial cues such as appearances and emotions rather than substantive arguments.

Question 12

Compared with central route persuasion,peripheral route persuasion tends to

Accepted Answer

Peripheral route persuasion is based on superficial factors such as attractiveness, celebrity endorsements, and emotional appeals, which can influence attitudes quickly but may not be as enduring or likely to result in actual behavior change as the more thoughtful, logical arguments employed in central route persuasion.

Question 13

Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

Accepted Answer

Political conservatives are more likely to explain poverty and unemployment in terms of personal dispositions, such as lack of effort or poor decision-making. Political liberals, on the other hand, are more likely to attribute these issues to situational influences, such as economic conditions or systemic inequality.

Question 14

On the first day of class,Tamara's professor gives brief and abrupt answers to students' questions.Tamara thinks that her new professor is rude.This ________ will likely influence her to act negatively toward her professor.

Accepted Answer

Tamara's perception of her professor's behavior as rude is an example of an attitude, which is a learned predisposition to respond to something in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way. Tamara's negative attitude toward her professor is likely to influence her behavior toward him in a negative way.

Question 15

Jackson agreed to Stanley's suggestion that they shoplift some video games.Later in the week,Jackson agreed to go along with Stanley's suggestion to steal a neighbor's expensive racing bike.Reflecting on what he had done,Jackson was surprised by his willingness to comply with Stanley's request.Jackson's experience illustrates

Accepted Answer

Jackson's behavior is an example of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, where a small request (shoplifting video games) leads to a larger request (stealing a bike).

Question 16

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency for people to comply with a large request after they have first agreed to a smaller request. This is based on the idea that people like to be consistent with their past behavior and commitments, so they are more likely to agree to the larger request once they have already agreed to the smaller one.

Question 17

The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by the

Accepted Answer

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon is the tendency for people to agree to a small request initially and then comply with a larger request later. This is an example of how our actions can impact our attitudes. By agreeing to the first small request, we may start to develop a sense of commitment and consistency to the larger request, which can lead to a change in our attitudes towards that request.

Question 18

Attitudes,which predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects,people,and events,

Accepted Answer

Attitudes are often influenced by our beliefs. Our beliefs shape our perceptions and evaluations of various objects, people, and events, and thus play a crucial role in determining our attitudes. Situational attributions refer to the tendency to attribute behavior to external situation factors rather than internal dispositions, while roles refer to the behaviors expected of individuals based on their social position or function. Cognitive dissonance, on the other hand, refers to the uncomfortable psychological state that arises when an individual holds conflicting beliefs or values. None of these concepts are direct explanations for attitudes.

Question 19

Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching.The professor,on the other hand,is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn.At this point,both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of

Accepted Answer

The situation presented shows a clear example of the fundamental attribution error, where both Carol and the professor are making assumptions about each other's behavior without considering situational or external factors. They are both attributing the behavior to internal factors (Carol's lack of motivation or the professor's dislike for teaching), instead of considering the context or situational factors that may be contributing to their behavior. Both the student and the professor can benefit from understanding this error and avoiding simplistic explanations for behavior.

Question 20

Vanna is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting.Vanna is LEAST likely to steal the merchandise if she

Accepted Answer

Vanna is least likely to steal the merchandise if she easily recalls her negative feelings about shoplifting. This suggests that her moral values are still intact and she may not engage in the act of theft even if she is tempted to do so. Option A may not have a significant effect on Vanna's decision as some people may not care about other people's opinions and may steal regardless of being watched. Option B may even increase the likelihood of Vanna shoplifting as she may feel pressured to please her best friend. Option D suggests that Vanna has shoplifted before and may be more likely to do it again, especially if there were no consequences the first time.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology