Question 1

Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room.This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others. In this scenario, the presence of a densely packed room might enhance the feeling of arousal and increase the audience's responsiveness, leading to the perception that the comedy routine is funnier.

Question 2

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to

Accepted Answer

Social loafing refers to the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when they are working in a group towards a common goal, compared to when they are working alone. This is because they feel a sense of diffusion of responsibility - i.e. they feel that their individual effort does not matter in the grand scheme of things as others in the group will compensate for any lack of effort on their part. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 3

Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among

Accepted Answer

Social loafing, the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone, is especially noticeable among men in cultures that value individualism. This is because individualistic cultures emphasize personal achievement and independence, which may reduce the motivation to contribute in a group setting, and this effect has been found to be more pronounced in men.

Question 4

Deindividuation refers to

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation occurs when individuals become less aware of their own unique identity and feel a sense of anonymity and arousal in group situations. This can lead to a breakdown in self-restraint, resulting in behaviors that individuals may not engage in if they were alone or in a non-group setting.

Question 5

Blindfolded university students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as social loafing, which refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working collectively in a group than when working individually. The observation that students pulled harder on a rope when they believed they were pulling alone compared to when they thought others were also pulling with them is a classic example of social loafing.

Question 6

Professor Janis was hired to help the campus police avoid riots after football game losses.He knows these riots are caused by situations that foster deindividuation.To help counteract deindividuation,the authorities should

Accepted Answer

Increasing self-awareness helps individuals regain a sense of personal identity, which is often lost in situations that foster deindividuation. This can help prevent irrational and impulsive behavior that leads to riots. The other choices (B, C, and D) would likely exacerbate the problem.

Question 7

Drew is working on a class project in which he needs a high grade because the class is required for his major.The others in his group are aware of that and also know that Drew is an excellent student.Drew finds that the others are depending on him to do the vast majority of the work.The others in Drew's group are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

The others in Drew's group are demonstrating social loafing, which occurs when individuals exert less effort in a group setting because their individual efforts cannot be distinguished from the efforts of others. In this scenario, the others are relying on Drew to do most of the work, which is a form of free-riding.

Question 8

Tyree is a skilled cyclist.When practicing on a stationary bike,his coach finds that when the women's cycling team enters the gym,his speed seems to increase significantly.Tyree's increase in speed illustrates

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon where an individual's performance is improved when they are in the presence of others. In this case, Tyree's speed increased significantly when the women's cycling team entered the gym, indicating that he is experiencing social facilitation.

Question 9

When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods,they demonstrated significantly more aggression.This finding is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

The behavior exhibited by the women is an example of deindividuation, which occurs when individuals lose their sense of personal identity and become more likely to engage in impulsive and aggressive behaviors. The KKK-style hoods act as a form of anonymity that reduces personal accountability and increases the likelihood of deindividuated behavior.

Question 10

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called

Accepted Answer

The described phenomenon is called group polarization, where a group's initial beliefs or attitudes become more extreme after group discussion or interaction.

Question 11

Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue.Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as group polarization, where after discussing an issue, a group of individuals who initially lean towards a particular opinion will often emerge with more extreme views in the same direction. In this case, individuals who already believe the death penalty should be abolished are likely to hold that belief even more strongly after discussion.

Question 12

Groups of citizens from liberal Boulder,Colorado,and groups of citizens from conservative Colorado Springs,Colorado,were asked to discuss socially relevant issues such as affirmative action and same-sex unions.After group discussion,the groups from Boulder expressed increasingly ________ positions and the groups from Colorado Springs expressed increasingly ________ positions.

Accepted Answer

The question states that the citizens from liberal Boulder and conservative Colorado Springs were asked to discuss socially relevant issues. It can be assumed that Boulder citizens held liberal views already and Colorado Springs citizens held conservative views. After group discussion, the Boulder citizens expressed increasingly liberal positions, while the Colorado Springs citizens expressed increasingly conservative positions. Therefore, the best choice is D, with the Boulder citizens becoming more liberal and the Colorado Springs citizens becoming more conservative.

Question 13

A group of homophobic high school students discussed prejudice against gays.During the conversation,their attitudes became even more prejudiced.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the phenomenon where a group of individuals who hold similar beliefs or attitudes tend to become more extreme in their views after discussing them within the group. This is likely what happened with the homophobic high school students, as their attitudes became even more prejudiced during their conversation. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) do not accurately describe this phenomenon. The chameleon effect is the tendency to mimic the behavior of others, social facilitation refers to increased performance in the presence of others, and deindividuation refers to a loss of self-awareness and restraint in group situations.

Question 14

A terrorist mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the tendency for group discussion to strengthen the initial inclinations of group members. In the case of a terrorist mentality, group polarization would lead to an increase in extreme beliefs and behaviors among individuals who interact without outside moderating influences.

Question 15

Social loafing is MOST likely to occur among

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is most likely to occur in situations where individual efforts are not directly identifiable and can blend into the group, such as when audience members are asked to applaud. In this scenario, an individual might exert less effort because their contribution is not directly measurable or accountable, unlike the other options where individual efforts and outcomes are clearly identifiable and rewarded.

Question 16

Nora,Ko,Ian,and May each think that Ms.Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr.Schwenke.After discussing why each of them believes this to be so,they all conclude that Ms.Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr.Schwenke.This episode provides an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario demonstrates group polarization, in which group discussion leads individuals to form more extreme opinions or beliefs than they originally held. In this case, each individual initially believed that Ms. Akey may be slightly better than Mr. Schwenke, but after group discussion, they all concluded that she is much better. This shift towards a more extreme position is typical of group polarization. Social facilitation, groupthink, and deindividuation are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 17

During a riot,a large sporting event,or mob action,people may lose self-awareness and self-restraint.This is known as

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is a psychological state in which individuals lose their sense of self-awareness and self-restraint in group settings, leading to behaviors that they may not normally exhibit. This can occur in situations such as riots, large sporting events, or mob actions, where individuals feel anonymous and are more likely to follow the actions of the group rather than their own moral compass. Normative social influence refers to the pressure to conform to the expectations of others, social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform better when in the presence of others, and social loafing is the phenomenon of people exerting less effort in a group setting compared to when working alone.

Question 18

People sometimes feel less personally accountable and less concerned about what others think of them when acting as part of a group.This most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is known as social loafing, where individuals tend to exert less effort when performing a task as part of a group compared to when they're performing the task alone. This is because they feel less personally accountable for the results and may not feel as though their contribution matters as much.

Question 19

Group polarization is most likely to occur in a group in which

Accepted Answer

Group polarization occurs when individuals in a group with similar opinions discuss that opinion and subsequently become more extreme. Therefore, it is most likely to occur in a group in which individuals share a similar opinion.

Question 20

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point,angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field.This behavior is best understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the angry fans, throwing bottles and tearing up the field, can be explained by deindividuation. When individuals are part of a crowd, they may feel a sense of anonymity and a loss of personal identity, leading to a diminished sense of individual responsibility and an increased likelihood of engaging in impulsive and destructive behavior.

Quiz 14: Social Psychology