Question 1

Among police officers,the frequency of chronic work stressors is _____ associated with PTSD symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking about the association between chronic work stressors and PTSD symptoms among police officers. The word "associated" implies a connection or correlation. A positive association means that as the frequency of chronic work stressors increases, the likelihood of experiencing PTSD symptoms also increases. Therefore, the correct answer is C - positively associated.

Question 2

Socioeconomic status is _____ correlated with scores on measures of health.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have found a positive correlation between higher socioeconomic status and better health outcomes, while lower socioeconomic status is associated with poorer health. This relationship holds across a range of health measures, including life expectancy, mortality rates, and chronic disease prevalence.

Question 3

Approximately _____% of the people living in the United States were born in another country.

Accepted Answer

According to the Migration Policy Institute, as of 2019, approximately 10% of the U.S. population (roughly 44.9 million people) were born in another country.

Question 4

Suppose a researcher investigates the relationship between a New Yorker's proximity to Ground Zero on the morning of September 11,2001,and the likelihood that he or she developed PTSD within the next six months.In this study,proximity to Ground Zero would be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose a researcher investigates the relationship between...

Question 5

Among immigrants to the United States,the ease with which they can speak English is _____ associated with adjustment and well-being.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that the ability to speak English fluently is positively associated with adjustment and well-being among immigrants in the United States. This is because it facilitates communication and social interaction in various domains of life, such as work, education, healthcare, and community involvement. It also helps immigrants to access information, services, and resources that are essential for their integration and success in society. Conversely, limited English proficiency can lead to social isolation, exclusion, and discrimination, which can negatively impact mental health and quality of life.

Question 6

Dr.Champlain notes that one of his patients displays "dissociative symptoms" of PTSD.This means that the patient displays:

Accepted Answer

Dissociative symptoms in PTSD refer to a disruption in a person's normal perception of reality. This can manifest in various ways such as feeling detached from one's own body, experiencing distorted perceptions of the world, or feeling like things are unreal or dreamlike. Unrealistic expectations, loss of interest, and self-blame are symptoms seen in other aspects of PTSD, but not necessarily in dissociative symptoms.

Question 7

When an individual clings to his or her original culture and fails to adapts to a new one,he or she is taking the _____ approach to acculturation.

Accepted Answer

When an individual clings to their original culture and fails to adapt to a new one, they are taking the separation approach to acculturation. This approach involves maintaining one's original cultural identity and avoiding contact or interaction with the new culture.

Question 8

In the psychology of stress and health,the minor irritants or problems people deal with on a regular basis are called:

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe minor irritants or problems people deal with on a regular basis is daily hassles. Option A is close, but microstressors is not a commonly used term in this context. Option B refers to larger, more significant events such as the death of a loved one or a job loss. Option C is too vague to be the correct answer.

Question 9

The textbook states that many people with PTSD attempt to avoid the environmental cues associated with the trauma,such as loud noises.In the language of classical conditioning,these cues are:

Accepted Answer

Environmental cues associated with the trauma become associated with the traumatic event through classical conditioning, and therefore become conditioned stimuli. Negative reinforcers are stimuli that, when removed, increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, while positive reinforcers are stimuli that, when presented, increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. Unconditioned stimuli are stimuli that naturally elicit a response, without any prior learning or conditioning. None of these definitions fit the environmental cues associated with trauma that are discussed in the textbook.

Question 10

Currently,____% of Americans under the age of 6 live below the poverty line.

Accepted Answer

According to recent data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 22% of American children under the age of 6 live below the poverty line.

Question 11

Among the general population,just under _____% have received a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)diagnosis in the past year.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the general population,just under _____% have...

Question 12

The number of daily hassles a person experiences is ____ associated with the risk of brief ailments such as headaches and colds.

Accepted Answer

The word "positively" indicates a positive correlation between the number of daily hassles and the risk of brief ailments. Therefore, choice A is the best option.

Question 13

Among refugees,social support is _____ associated with depression and anxiety.

Accepted Answer

Social support is negatively associated with depression and anxiety, meaning that the more social support a refugee receives, the less likely they are to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Question 14

For many years,Cajun individuals in southwestern Louisiana were encouraged to conform to mainstream American culture and were discouraged from speaking French.This means that a(n)_____ approach to acculturation was promoted.

Accepted Answer

The assimilation approach to acculturation involves pressuring individuals to give up their cultural practices and adopt those of the dominant culture. In this case, Cajun individuals were encouraged to conform to mainstream American culture and give up their French language, suggesting that an assimilation approach was promoted.

Question 15

With respect to acculturation,_____ is the "happy medium" between _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

Integration is the process of maintaining one's cultural identity while also building relationships with members of the dominant culture. Assimilation is the process of giving up one's cultural identity and adopting the cultural identity of the dominant culture, while separation is the process of avoiding contact with members of the dominant culture altogether. Integration strikes a balance between maintaining one's cultural identity and building relationships with members of the dominant culture, making it the "happy medium" between assimilation and separation. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 16

Dissociative symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include:

Accepted Answer

Dissociative symptoms in PTSD include distorted perceptions of the world, such as feeling as though the traumatic event is happening again (flashbacks) or feeling detached from reality (derealization). Self-blame and irritability/aggression are not considered dissociative symptoms, and while difficulty sleeping is common in PTSD, it is not specific to dissociative symptoms.

Question 17

The textbook states that many people with PTSD attempt to avoid the environmental cues associated with the trauma,such as loud noises.In the language of classical conditioning,a traumatic reaction to these cues is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

In classical conditioning, a conditioned response is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus) that is now associated with a particular outcome or event (unconditioned stimulus). In the case of PTSD, the traumatic event serves as the unconditioned stimulus, and environmental cues associated with the trauma become the conditioned stimuli that trigger a conditioned response (e.g. anxiety or fear). Therefore, the traumatic reaction to environmental cues associated with the trauma is a conditioned response.

Question 18

Misplacing one's keys is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

The answer of Misplacing one's keys is an example of...

Question 19

Of those people who have experienced a "psychological trauma," how many will actually develop PTSD?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of those people who have experienced a...

Question 20

When an individual not only retains elements of his or her original culture but also adapts to elements of a new one,he or she is adopting the _____ approach to acculturation.

Accepted Answer

Integration refers to the process of retaining elements of one's original culture while also adapting to elements of a new culture. This approach involves a balance between maintaining one's cultural identity and engaging with the new culture in a positive way.

Quiz 11: Stress and Health