Question 1

Bea has just broken up with her boyfriend. She has a test in school on Friday, but try as she might, she cannot concentrate on her studies. In this example, Bea's performance is being interfered with by an intense ________.

Accepted Answer

The intense emotion of the breakup is interfering with Bea's ability to concentrate on her studies, indicating that her performance is being affected by an emotional state.

Question 2

A recent study of premature low-birth-weight babies who were held and massaged found that they gained weight ________ and displayed ________ than those who were touched minimally.

Accepted Answer

The study found that premature low-birth-weight babies who were held and massaged gained weight faster and displayed more activity than those who were touched minimally.

Question 3

Research has found that males are ________ verbally aggressive and ________ physically aggressive than females.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that males tend to be both more verbally and more physically aggressive than females.

Question 4

Each of the following is true of Plutchik's theory of emotions except ________.

Accepted Answer

Plutchik's theory of emotions has been criticized for not taking into account cultural differences in the experience and expression of emotions.

Question 5

Which of the following would most likely result from the affiliation motive?

Accepted Answer

The affiliation motive refers to the desire to establish social connections and maintain relationships with others. Striking up a conversation with a stranger on a bumpy airplane flight would be the most likely result of this motive as it involves initiating a social interaction with someone who is not already a part of one's social network. The other options involve discussing topics with people who are already part of one's social network or who have a pre-existing relationship.

Question 6

All human behavior that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on others is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Aggression encompasses all forms of behavior intended to cause harm, regardless of whether it involves physical force or not. Confrontation and anger are more specific subsets of aggression, while violence refers specifically to physical harm caused to another person.

Question 7

A need for affiliation is a need to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A need for affiliation is a need...

Question 8

Which of the following is most closely linked to aggression?

Accepted Answer

Frustration is often linked to aggression, as individuals may lash out in response to feeling blocked or unable to achieve their goals. Emotional shock, humiliation, and depression may also be associated with aggression in certain situations, but they are not as consistently linked as frustration.

Question 9

A child is rewarded for aggressive behavior and is then frustrated. The child is likely to show ________.

Accepted Answer

When a child is rewarded for aggressive behavior and then experiences frustration, they are likely to continue showing aggressive behavior. This is because they have learned that aggression leads to rewards, and they may become even more aggressive in order to try and get what they want. In contrast, a child who has been rewarded for constructive behavior may be more likely to try and problem-solve or find alternative solutions when faced with frustration.

Question 10

Jack climbs mountains "because they are there." His desire to overcome obstacles results from the ________ motive.

Accepted Answer

The achievement motive refers to the desire to do well, to succeed in whatever one does, and to realize one's potential. This motive can manifest itself in a variety of ways, including the desire to climb mountains simply because they are there.

Question 11

Robert Plutchik proposed that human beings have ________ basic emotions.

Accepted Answer

Robert Plutchik proposed that there are eight basic emotions, which include joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, and anticipation.

Question 12

According to a 2012 FBI report, more than ________ violent crimes were reported in the United States in that year.

Accepted Answer

The FBI report stated that there were over 1.2 million violent crimes reported in the United States in 2012.

Question 13

The need to excel, to overcome obstacles represents the ________ motive.

Accepted Answer

The need to excel and overcome obstacles is closely associated with the motive of achievement. Aggression involves the desire to harm others, curiosity involves the desire for knowledge and understanding, and power involves the desire to control or influence others.

Question 14

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between frustration and aggression?

Accepted Answer

Research has found that frustration does not always lead to aggression, but it is more likely to do so in those who have learned aggression as a way of coping with frustration. This suggests that the relationship between frustration and aggression is mediated by personal factors such as disposition and learning history.

Question 15

The affiliation motive is aroused by feeling ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The affiliation motive is aroused by feeling...

Question 16

Whenever Frank is challenged, he prefers to fight to prove his "masculinity." What reason would a learning theorist give for Frank's frequent use of aggression?

Accepted Answer

A learning theorist would attribute Frank's frequent use of aggression to his learned behavior through observation and imitation of his father's behavior. Frank may have grown up seeing his father use aggression to prove his masculinity and has adopted this behavior as his own.

Question 17

________ is a necessary element of virtually all aggression.

Accepted Answer

Intent to harm is a necessary element of virtually all aggression. Aggression is an act in which an individual intentionally inflicts harm or injury upon another individual. Therefore, the intention to cause harm is a crucial component of aggressive behavior. While anger may often be present in aggressive situations, it is not a necessary element in all cases. Physical harm and psychological harm may result from aggression, but they are not essential components of the behavior itself.

Question 18

Which of the following is not true of individuals with a high need for achievement?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a high need for achievement are motivated by a desire to succeed and excel, but not necessarily by a desire for fame and fortune.

Question 19

Today, scientists tend to see emotions as ________ to survival and a ________ source of personal enrichment.

Accepted Answer

Scientists now see emotions as essential to survival, meaning they have evolved to help humans navigate their environment and respond appropriately to different situations. Emotions also play a major role in personal enrichment, influencing how people experience life and creating a sense of meaning and purpose.

Question 20

Studies of individualist and collectivist cultures find that ________.

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that collectivist cultures tend to have lower rates of aggressive behavior compared to individualist cultures. This could be attributed to the emphasis on harmony, interdependence, and social relationships in collectivist cultures. In contrast, individualist cultures tend to value autonomy, independence, and competition, which may foster more aggressive behavior.

Quiz 8: Motivation and Emotion