Question 1

Bone remodeling refers to

Accepted Answer

Bone remodeling is the continual process of breaking down and rebuilding bone tissue, in order to maintain its strength and adapt to changes in stress or use. This process involves the activity of specialized cells known as osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which respectively break down and build up the bone matrix. It is important for maintaining bone health and preventing conditions such as osteoporosis.

Question 2

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of potassium?

Accepted Answer

Canola oil is not a good source of potassium, as it primarily contains fats and lacks significant amounts of minerals like potassium.

Question 3

Type 1 osteoporosis

Accepted Answer

Type 1 osteoporosis, also known as postmenopausal osteoporosis, is mainly due to decreased estrogen levels in women after menopause. It most dramatically affects trabecular bone, which is the spongy bone found at the ends of long bones and in the vertebrae. Choice A is incorrect as it is decreased estrogen levels that contribute to type 1 osteoporosis. Choice C is incorrect as type 1 osteoporosis is characterized by greater loss of trabecular bone than cortical bone. Choice D is incorrect as type 1 osteoporosis specifically affects women after menopause, although men over the age of 70 can also develop this type of osteoporosis.

Question 4

The most nutrient-dense calcium food source is

Accepted Answer

Dairy products are the most nutrient-dense source of calcium, providing a high amount of calcium per serving compared to other food sources.

Question 5

Which of the following populations is NOT at risk for low blood potassium?

Accepted Answer

Vegetarians are not at risk for low blood potassium because many vegetarian foods, such as potatoes, avocados, bananas, and leafy greens, are high in potassium.

Question 6

The most accurate method of assessing bone health is

Accepted Answer

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is currently the most accurate method of assessing bone health. It provides a precise measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) at specifically targeted anatomical sites, such as the hip and spine. DXA is the most commonly used and widely accepted method for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring changes in bone density over time. CT and x-rays can provide information about bone structure, but they do not provide a measurement of BMD. Quantitative ultrasound can estimate bone density, but it is not as accurate as DXA.

Question 7

A good indicator of bone health is

Accepted Answer

Bone mineral density is the measurement of the amount of minerals, such as calcium, in a specific amount of bone tissue. It is widely considered to be the best indicator of bone health and can be monitored through scans such as a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan.

Question 8

Potassium and phosphate are the major ______ electrolytes.

Accepted Answer

Potassium and phosphate are predominantly found inside the cells of the body, making them intracellular electrolytes.

Question 9

For prevention of osteoporosis, strength training is

Accepted Answer

Strength training is recommended for prevention of osteoporosis because it places stress on bones, which stimulates bone maintenance and growth. This can help prevent bone loss and decrease the risk of fractures.

Question 10

Which of the following populations is at risk for high blood potassium?

Accepted Answer

People with kidney disorders are at risk for high blood potassium because the kidneys play a crucial role in regulating potassium levels in the body. When the kidneys are not functioning properly, potassium can build up in the blood, leading to high levels, which can be dangerous. Vegetarians, alcoholics, and people with eating disorders are not inherently at risk for high blood potassium.

Question 11

Blood calcium concentration is regulated at the level of the

Accepted Answer

Blood calcium concentration is regulated by all three organs, bones, intestines, and kidneys. The bones store calcium and release it into the blood when calcium levels drop. The intestines absorb calcium from the food we eat and release it into the blood. The kidneys filter calcium out of the blood and either excrete it or reabsorb it back into the blood, depending on the body's needs. Therefore, all of these choices are correct.

Question 12

Cortical bone

Accepted Answer

Cortical bone is also known as compact bone, and it has a dense structure. It forms the outer layer of all bones and is responsible for providing protection and support.

Question 13

Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Potassium is especially important for proper heart rhythm as it helps to regulate the electrical activity of the heart muscle. Inadequate potassium levels can lead to irregular heartbeats and even heart failure. Sodium, chloride, and phosphate also play important roles in the body, but they are not as crucial for the proper functioning of the heart.

Question 14

Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to occur with excessive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to...

Question 15

Functions of chloride include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Chloride is involved in digestion, immunity, and nerve transmission, but it does not play a role in enzyme activation.

Question 16

_______________ is the mineral present in the body in the greatest quantity. The best dietary sources are milk and dairy products.

Accepted Answer

Calcium is the mineral present in the body in the greatest quantity and its best dietary sources are milk and dairy products. While boron, magnesium, and phosphorus are all essential minerals in the body, they are not present in as great a quantity as calcium. Therefore, the best choice for this question is B for calcium.

Question 17

Accumulation of bone mass occurs primarily during childhood and adolescence. Later in life, the rate of bone degradation exceeds the rate of bone synthesis. For average, healthy men and women, gradual bone loss begins around age

Accepted Answer

Gradual bone loss begins around age 30 for average, healthy men and women.

Question 18

Trabecular bone

Accepted Answer

Trabecular bone is also known as spongy bone and is located at the end of long bones and the vertebrae. It is not porous in structure and is actually quite porous, with a honeycomb-like structure that helps to reduce the weight of bones while maintaining their strength. Trabecular bone is also the site of blood cell synthesis, meaning that red and white blood cells are produced within the bone marrow. It is also more rapidly remodeled than cortical bone, which is the dense outer layer of bone that forms the shafts of bones and their outer mineral covering.

Question 19

The major source of chloride in the diet is

Accepted Answer

The major source of chloride in the diet is salt, which is composed of sodium chloride. Nuts, milk, and cheese contain some chloride, but not in significant amounts compared to salt.

Question 20

Interstitial fluid, lymph, gastrointestinal fluid, spinal fluid, plasma, and synovial fluid are part of ______ fluid.

Accepted Answer

All of the listed fluids are found outside of the cells, so they are considered part of the extracellular fluid compartment.

Quiz 9: Water and Minerals