Question 1

Chloe seeks to understand the brain functions associated with coordinated movement.Chloe is MOST likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

A behavioral neuroscientist studies the biological bases of behavior, including brain functions related to movement.

Question 2

The French physician Paul Broca discovered a brain region that was associated with the:

Accepted Answer

Paul Broca discovered the brain region now known as Broca's area, which is primarily associated with the production of speech rather than its understanding.

Question 3

How might an evolutionary psychologist explain the fact that people tend to enjoy high-fat food?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychologists would argue that people have a predisposition to enjoy high-fat foods because in our ancestral past, food was scarce and people who ate high-fat food were more likely to obtain the necessary calories for survival and reproduction. This preference may have been selected for over time through natural selection.

Question 4

Which research question is MOST relevant to behavioural neuroscience?

Accepted Answer

Behavioural neuroscience is the study of the biological basis of behaviour. Reinforcement and punishment are two of the most important factors that influence behaviour, so it is no surprise that behavioural neuroscientists are interested in understanding the brain mechanisms that underlie these processes.

Question 5

After training rats to successfully navigate a maze,Karl Lashley sought to determine the precise spot in the brain where the learning occurred by:

Accepted Answer

By surgically removing tiny sections of the brain and then retesting the rats, Lashley was able to determine which areas of the brain were necessary for maze learning. If the rats could still successfully navigate the maze after a particular section of the brain was removed, it indicated that that section was not necessary for learning the task. This allowed Lashley to narrow down the specific area(s) of the brain that were involved in maze learning. The other options listed do not involve a direct manipulation of the brain to pinpoint the location of learning.

Question 6

Esa suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area.Esa will have problems:

Accepted Answer

Damage to the Broca's area affects the production of speech, making it difficult for the person to speak fluently and effectively. Other symptoms include stuttering or stammering, trouble finding words, and slow, laborious speech. The other options listed do not relate to damage to the Broca's area.

Question 7

Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association,suggesting that:

Accepted Answer

This idea suggests that past learning experiences of rats' ancestors have influenced their behavior, including their tendency to form associations between certain stimuli and sickness. It is not necessarily a matter of genetics or number of opportunities for learning, but rather a result of ancestral experiences.

Question 8

Amanda seeks to understand the brain functions underlying reward and punishment.Amanda is MOST likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

Amanda is likely a behavioral neuroscientist because she is interested in the brain functions related to reward and punishment, which involves studying the neural mechanisms underlying behavior.

Question 9

A field that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity is:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience is a field that combines cognitive psychology and neuroscience to better understand how the brain processes information related to mental processes such as attention, perception, memory, language, and decision-making. This field focuses on identifying the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processes and how they are related to behavior.

Question 10

Which early neuropsychologist trained rats to run mazes,surgically removed parts of their brains,and then measured how well they could run the maze again?

Accepted Answer

Karl Lashley trained rats to run mazes, performed surgical procedures to remove parts of their brains, and then measured their ability to run the maze again. This experiment aimed to determine the role of specific brain regions in learning and memory.

Question 11

Research using scanning technology of the brain has demonstrated that,when a person who has been deaf from birth learns American Sign Language at an early age,that person uses _____ hemisphere when communicating with American Sign Language.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research using scanning technology of the brain...

Question 12

After conducting repeated experiments in which he first trained rats to navigate a maze and then removed tiny sections of their brains to see if that brain region eliminated learning,Lashley reported that:

Accepted Answer

Lashley's experiments led him to conclude that no one brain region seemed to uniquely and reliably eliminate maze learning. This led to the idea of "equipotentiality," which suggests that different parts of the brain can compensate for one another in learning and memory tasks.

Question 13

Jamie suffered a stroke and damaged her Broca's area.Jamie will have problems:

Accepted Answer

Damage to Broca's area in the brain can lead to difficulty speaking or articulating words, but does not typically affect understanding or memory of language. Reading out loud involves the ability to generate speech, which may be impaired if the Broca's area is damaged. Understanding the plot of a television show and recognizing facial emotions are primarily controlled by the temporal lobe and the fusiform gyrus, respectively, and are not directly associated with Broca's area. While memory can be affected with stroke, specifically with damage to the hippocampus, this is not the case with a Broca's area stroke.

Question 14

_____ demonstrated that rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association.

Accepted Answer

John Garcia demonstrated that rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association through his experiments on taste aversion. He found that rats developed an aversion to a particular taste (e.g. a flavored water) when it was paired with sickness, but not when it was paired with a bright light or a loud noise. This suggests that certain stimuli are more salient in initiating and maintaining associations with negative outcomes, and that animals are predisposed to learn certain types of associations more easily than others.

Question 15

Karl Lashley's early neuroscientific research sought to identify the specific brain region:

Accepted Answer

Karl Lashley's research focused on brain regions involved in learning and memory. His famous experiment involved lesioning different areas of a rat's brain and testing their ability to navigate a maze. He found that it was not a specific brain region responsible for maze learning, but rather the overall amount of brain tissue that was lesioned. Therefore, choice C is the best answer as it directly relates to Lashley's research question.

Question 16

Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association,suggesting that rats have:

Accepted Answer

The fact that rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association suggests that they have evolved to learn certain associations more easily than others due to natural selection. This is likely because smells are often a reliable indicator of danger or sickness in the environment, while lights may not be as reliable of a signal.

Question 17

Kerrie wants to understand how perceptions,beliefs,and memories activate different regions in the brain.Which field of psychology would you suggest Kerrie explore?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive neuroscience concerns the study of the brain and its processes that underlie mental functions, such as perception, attention, language, memory, and decision-making. Therefore, this field would be the best fit for Kerrie to explore since it focuses specifically on how different regions of the brain are activated during cognitive processes like perception, beliefs and memories.

Question 18

According to Chomsky,which observation of language challenges a behavioural account?

Accepted Answer

Speech that has never before been reinforced nevertheless occurs frequently challenges a behavioural account of language as it suggests that language acquisition cannot be solely explained through reinforcement and imitation. Chomsky argued that humans have an innate capacity for language, which he called the "language acquisition device" that allows us to acquire language naturally and rapidly.

Question 19

Which approach to psychology links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes?

Accepted Answer

Behavioural neuroscience is the approach to psychology that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system and other bodily processes. It studies the relationship between the brain and behavior, focusing on how the brain affects behavior, cognition, and emotion. It combines elements of neuroscience, psychology, and biology to understand the mechanisms underlying behavior. The other choices, cognitive psychology and cognitive psychotherapy, focus on mental processes and cognitive behavior, while evolutionary psychology seeks to explain the origins and evolution of behavior and cognition.

Question 20

The emergence of evolutionary psychology as a recent psychological discipline is largely credited to the work of the biologist:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The emergence of evolutionary psychology as a...

Quiz 1: Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Chloe seeks to understand the brain functions associated with coordinated movement.Chloe is MOST likely a(n) :