Question 1

Which of the following does NOT aid students in judging metacomprehension and enhancing academic performance?

Accepted Answer

Memorizing specific questions and their answers on practice quizzes may help students perform well on those particular questions, but it does not necessarily enhance overall metacomprehension or academic performance. Instead, it encourages rote memorization rather than genuine understanding and may not transfer well to other questions or situations. A, B, and D all involve actively engaging with the material and reflecting on one's own understanding, which can aid in metacognitive development and academic success.

Question 2

Mental imagery involves:

Accepted Answer

Mental imagery is the ability to create a sensory experience in one's mind in the absence of immediate external sensory input. It involves imagining, visualizing, or recalling sensory information such as sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and touches. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B is incorrect because it refers to mental representation of current sensory inputs, not mental imagery. Option C is partially correct but incomplete because while it refers to sensory representations of a stimulus, it does not encompass the broader concept of mental imagery. Option D is incorrect because not all options are correct.

Question 3

According to your textbook,does research support the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature or that it is based on linguistic concepts?

Accepted Answer

Research using mental rotation and visual scanning tasks have consistently supported the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature. These tasks involve mentally rotating or scanning an imagined image, and they have been shown to have similar neural activation patterns as those involved in actual perception. Although there is some evidence supporting the idea that mental imagery can also involve linguistic concepts, the majority of research supports the perceptual nature of mental imagery.

Question 4

Morphemes are the smallest unit of sound that can be recognized as separate in a language.

Accepted Answer

Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning in a language, not the smallest units of sound. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound.

Question 5

Amelia and Scott are assembling a bunk bed set together.Amelia is reading the plans and tells Scott that the next part they need is an L shaped piece.Scott holds up a piece upside down and asks if it is the correct one.Amelia says he is holding it wrong so he turns it sideways.Assuming it is the correct piece,based on the research by Shepard and Metzler on mental rotation,for which orientation will Amelia find it easiest to recognize that the piece matches the picture in the instructions?

Accepted Answer

According to Shepard and Metzler's research, mental rotation is easier for rotations at 90 degrees compared to 180 degrees. Therefore, Amelia will find it easiest to recognize that the piece matches the picture in the instructions when it is oriented at 90 degrees (sideways).

Question 6

In the classic study on mental rotation,what did Shepard and Metzler find was the relationship between the speed that participants made judgments on whether two shapes were the same or different,and the degree of rotation?

Accepted Answer

Shepard and Metzler found that the time it took participants to decide if two shapes were the same increased linearly with the degree of rotation, indicating that participants mentally rotated the shapes to make their judgments.

Question 7

Night-time dreams and studies on mental rotation are examples of:

Accepted Answer

Night-time dreams and studies on mental rotation both involve the formation and manipulation of mental images, which are characteristic of mental imagery. Therefore, the best choice is B, mental images. A, mental icons, is not a commonly used term in psychology. C, iconic sensory memory, refers to a very brief visual memory system and is not directly related to mental imagery. D, pictorial memory, is not a widely recognized term in psychology and does not accurately describe these phenomena.

Question 8

Your awareness and understanding of your own cognitive abilities is known as:

Accepted Answer

Metacognition is the term used to describe one's own awareness and understanding of their cognitive processes, including their thoughts, memory, and problem-solving abilities.

Question 9

The results of mental scanning experiments indicate that:

Accepted Answer

The results of mental scanning experiments indicate that there is a positive linear relationship between scanning time and distance on an image. This means that the further away an object is from the focus of attention, the longer it takes to mentally scan to that object.

Question 10

Your ability to comprehend what your friend is saying even if loud noises obscure some of what she says would be an example of using bottom-up processing for language comprehension.

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of top-down processing, as it involves using context and prior knowledge to understand or fill in missing parts of the auditory input, rather than solely relying on the sensory input itself (bottom-up processing).

Question 11

Cara is terrible at remembering numbers so whenever someone gives her their phone number she makes a point of writing it down as she does not trust her ability to remember the number.This awareness is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to knowledge and awareness of one's own memory processes, including its strengths and weaknesses. Cara's awareness of her poor memory for numbers is an example of metamemory.

Question 12

Many researchers believe that mental images,while not literally pictures in the mind,function in ways analogous to actual visual images.How does the research by Shepard and Metzler on mental rotation apply to this idea?

Accepted Answer

Shepard and Metzler's research showed that mental rotation involved similar processes as actual visual rotation, suggesting that mental images might operate like pictures. Therefore, their findings support the idea that mental images function in ways analogous to visual images.

Question 13

A representation of a stimulus that originates inside your brain rather than from external sensory input is known as:

Accepted Answer

A mental image is a representation of a stimulus that originates inside the brain, as opposed to external sensory input. Mental icons and pictorial memory are not commonly used terms in psychology, and iconic sensory memory refers specifically to brief sensory memory that occurs as a result of external sensory input.

Question 14

In Theide and Anderson's study on metacomprehension in undergraduates,what was the relationship between metacomprehension and performance for students writing summaries and the control group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Theide and Anderson's study on metacomprehension...

Question 15

Research using fMRIs found that men exhibit greater left-hemisphere activation during language tasks compared to women.

Accepted Answer

This is true, as multiple studies have found that men tend to exhibit greater left-hemisphere activation during language tasks, while women show more bilateral activation in language processing.

Question 16

The fact that a child will generally have great difficulty a language if he is first exposed to it after puberty is generally taken as evidence that language has a sensitive period.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the brain undergoes changes during childhood that make it easier to learn languages, and this ability declines after puberty. This is interpreted as evidence for a sensitive period for language acquisition.

Question 17

The surface structure consists of the way symbols are combined within a given language.

Accepted Answer

The surface structure refers to the actual arrangement of symbols in a specific language. It includes the order of words, the use of grammar, and the arrangement of phrases and sentences.

Question 18

Infants learn to discriminate more and more phonemes as they get older.

Accepted Answer

Infants are born with the ability to discriminate all phonemes but lose this ability as they age and specialize in the phonemes of their native language(s).

Question 19

Knowing how to politely interrupt someone who is speaking would be an example of pragmatics.

Accepted Answer

Pragmatics is the study of language in context, and how meaning is conveyed through social and cultural factors. Knowing how to politely interrupt someone is an example of understanding the social and cultural norms of language use, and is therefore an example of pragmatics.

Question 20

The five properties that are common to all languages are that they are all symbolic,have structure,convey meaning,are generative,and permits displacement.

Accepted Answer

These five properties are commonly agreed upon by linguists and apply to all languages.

Quiz 9: Language and Thinking