Question 1

According to Renzulli,the factors that tend to lead to success in gifted individuals include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Renzulli's model of giftedness does not specifically emphasize early signs of exceptionality as a factor leading to success. Instead, it focuses on a combination of above-average ability, creativity, and task commitment (motivation and dedication) as key components.

Question 2

Deborah is developing an intelligence test.As part of the process she has outlined precise instructions on how to administer the test.Additionally,she has been testing hundreds of people with the test to determine how people of different ages tend to respond on different items.These aspects of test construction are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deborah is developing an intelligence test.As part...

Question 3

Environmental explanations of the differences in cognitive abilities between men and women have typically focused on the role of:

Accepted Answer

Environmental explanations for differences in cognitive abilities between genders emphasize the role of socialization, which includes the ways in which societal norms and expectations influence individuals' development and behavior.

Question 4

The fact that IQ differences between black and white students have decreased in recent years is generally taken as evidence that this difference was largely be due to ____________ factors.

Accepted Answer

If IQ differences between black and white students have decreased in recent years, it suggests that environmental factors, such as access to education, nutrition, and healthcare, have played a significant role in the initial gap. Genetic and physical factors are not likely to change in such a short period of time. Culturally fair testing may play a role in improving IQ scores, but it is unlikely to be the sole factor affecting the gap between black and white students.

Question 5

Critics who express concerns that intelligence tests underestimate the mental competence of minority group members are partly concerned that the tests underestimate these individuals' true intellectual ability,a test bias known as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Critics who express concerns that intelligence tests...

Question 6

According to the American Psychiatric Association's classification system,an adult with a cognitive disability who may need occasional guidance and support when under unusual social or economic stress would be characterized as having a ______________ cognitive disability.

Accepted Answer

A mild cognitive disability is characterized by the need for occasional guidance and support, but the individual is able to function independently in many areas of their life. Individuals with a profound cognitive disability require constant supervision and assistance with daily tasks, while those with moderate and severe disabilities require varying levels of support depending on their specific needs.

Question 7

The intellectually gifted have an IQ score of at least:

Accepted Answer

According to most IQ tests, an IQ score of 130 or above is considered in the top 2.1% of the population and is often used as a benchmark for identifying individuals who are intellectually gifted.

Question 8

What situation inspired educators to demand tests of intelligence that could be administered to large groups of children in a group setting?

Accepted Answer

The use of intelligence testing to screen American army recruits inspired educators to demand tests of intelligence that could be administered to large groups of children in a group setting. The success of these tests in identifying potential recruits with high intelligence led to the development of standardized intelligence tests for use in schools.

Question 9

Relatively consistent research findings on sex differences in cognitive abilities indicate that women generally perform better than men do on tests of ideational fluency and men generally perform better than women do on tests of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Relatively consistent research findings on sex differences...

Question 10

Marcella is testing a wiggly 4-year-old on an intelligence test.On one item the child blurts out an answer without obviously trying to think about the best response.Marcella responds by telling the child he is doing a good job on the test so far.She then asks the same question again asking the child to think about it for a moment and highlighting some important aspects of the question.The type of test administration Marcella is using is known as:

Accepted Answer

Marcella is engaging in dynamic testing, which involves providing feedback and scaffolding to the child in order to determine their potential for learning and problem-solving.

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding ethnic and racial differences in mean IQ scores is true?

Accepted Answer

IQ scores have been shown to predict academic performance across different racial and ethnic groups, despite ongoing debates about the fairness and cultural biases of these tests. This predictive validity applies to both minority and Caucasian students.

Question 12

In the research by Hampson and Kimura on the relationship between hormone levels and perceptual skills in women,the researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the research by Hampson and Kimura...

Question 13

Tia is 10 years old.She has learned to speak and has acquired some basic self help and simple manual skills but has not been able to learn to read and write.Most likely Tia's level of mental retardation would be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Tia's ability to speak and acquire some basic skills indicates that her intellectual disability is not severe or profound. However, her inability to learn reading and writing suggests that her disability is not mild either. Therefore, a moderate level of intellectual disability would be the most appropriate classification for Tia.

Question 14

Even though African American students as a group score slightly lower on IQ tests than Caucasian students,the test still does predict _____________ performance equally well for both ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that both African American and Caucasian students perform equally well academically on the basis of their IQ scores, regardless of the slightly lower average score for African American students. Therefore, the IQ test is a valid predictor of academic performance for both groups. Aptitude (A) and multiple intelligence (B) may also be valid predictors of academic performance, but the statement specifically mentions IQ tests. The g factor (D) refers to the general intelligence factor underlying all cognitive abilities and does not directly address academic performance.

Question 15

Research on gender differences in cognitive skills has revealed that men tend to score slightly higher on tests of certain spatial abilities and mathematical reasoning,while women tend to perform better on tests of ______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on gender differences in cognitive skills...

Question 16

Early training in music can lead to structural changes in primary auditory cortex as well as the motor cortex.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that early musical training can lead to structural changes in the primary auditory cortex and motor cortex of the brain.

Question 17

According to statistics,the majority of people with a cognitive disability are classified as:

Accepted Answer

According to statistics, the majority of people with cognitive disabilities are classified as mildly disabled. This means that they have some limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, but are still able to live independently to some extent and participate in society.

Question 18

Phillips studied the families of African American and Caucasian children and proposed that 66 percent of the mean IQ score differences between these two ethnic groups may be accounted for by _____________ factors.

Accepted Answer

This question is discussing the causes of IQ score differences between African American and Caucasian children. Phillips concluded that the majority of these differences were due to environmental factors, such as differences in access to education, socioeconomic status, and other cultural factors. Choices A, C, and D suggest physical, biological, or genetic causes, which are not supported by Phillips' research.

Question 19

According to the text,biological explanations for gender differences in cognitive abilities have increasingly focused on the developing brain and on current cognitive performance that is impacted by ___________.

Accepted Answer

The text states that biological explanations for gender differences in cognitive abilities have increasingly focused on the developing brain and on current cognitive performance that is impacted by hormones.

Question 20

Research on IQ differences between African American and Caucasian students indicates that:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that the difference between mean IQ scores of African American and Caucasian students has been shrinking during the past 25 years. This may be due to a variety of factors, including improved access to education and changes in testing methods. However, it is important to note that there is still a significant gap between the two groups and more research is needed to understand the underlying causes.

Quiz 10: Intelligence