Question 1

Terman's studies of 1500 California schoolchildren with IQ scores over 135 indicated that these high-scoring children

Accepted Answer

Terman's studies on high IQ children indicated that they were well-adjusted, contrary to common stereotypes that highly intelligent individuals are socially awkward or suffer from psychological issues.

Question 2

When 200 researchers pooled their data on 126,559 people,all the gene variations analyzed accounted for a very ________ percentage of the differences in educational achievement among individuals in this group.This suggests that there are ________ genes that contribute to intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When 200 researchers pooled their data on...

Question 3

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The similarity between the intelligence test scores...

Question 4

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. If a test has a high degree of validity, it means that it measures or predicts what it is supposed to with accuracy.

Question 5

Which of the following individuals clearly does NOT meet the criteria for a diagnosis of intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5 criteria, intellectual disability is characterized by significantly impaired intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) and deficits in adaptive functioning. While all individuals in the answer choices may have some level of intellectual impairment, only B (Thomas) has an IQ of 80, which is above the threshold for diagnosis.

Question 6

With increasing age,adopted children's verbal ability scores become ________ positively correlated with their adoptive parents' scores and ________ positively correlated with their biological parents' scores.

Accepted Answer

As adopted children age, their verbal ability scores become less correlated with their biological parents' scores, as genetics become less influential and environmental factors (such as the environment provided by the adoptive parents) become more influential. However, their scores become more correlated with their adoptive parents' scores, as they are raised in the same environment and may receive similar educational and enrichment opportunities.

Question 7

Professor McKenzie's research suggests that approximately 30 percent of the variation in SAT scores among a large group of high school students can be attributed to genetic differences among the students.The 30-percent figure represents an assessment of

Accepted Answer

The 30-percent figure represents the extent to which SAT scores are determined by genetic differences among students, which is known as heritability.

Question 8

Which of the following observations provides the BEST evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?

Accepted Answer

This observation provides the best evidence because identical twins share 100% of their genes, while fraternal twins share only 50%. Therefore, if identical twins raised separately show more similarities in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins raised together, it suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in determining intelligence test scores. This study has been replicated multiple times and provides strong evidence for the heritability of intelligence.

Question 9

An IQ of approximately 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of life is most clearly an indication of

Accepted Answer

An IQ of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of life is a clear indication of an intellectual disability (also known as intellectual developmental disorder). Savant syndrome refers to exceptional abilities in a specific area despite overall intellectual disability, while crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence are components of overall intelligence rather than separate conditions.

Question 10

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 is known as

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is characterized by varying degrees of intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, and other physical abnormalities. Autism spectrum disorder (A) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, communication deficits, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Crystallized intelligence (B) refers to the ability to use knowledge acquired through experience and education. Savant syndrome (D) refers to a rare condition in which a person with intellectual disability exhibits exceptional skills or abilities in a specific area, such as music, art, or math. None of these options describe the specific condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, so C is the best answer.

Question 11

Among Americans scoring in the top hundredth of 1 percent on the ________ at age 12 or 13,more than half have earned doctorates.

Accepted Answer

The SAT is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States, and it is often taken by students in their teenage years. The context suggests a test taken at age 12 or 13, which aligns with the SAT being used for identifying exceptionally talented young students.

Question 12

The heritability of intelligence is lowest among

Accepted Answer

The heritability of intelligence is lowest among genetically similar individuals who have been raised in different environments. This is because environmental factors play a larger role in determining intelligence when genetic factors are held constant. In contrast, if genetically different individuals are raised in similar environments, any observed differences in intelligence can be more confidently attributed to genetic factors.

Question 13

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces,the test is said to have

Accepted Answer

Content validity refers to the extent to which a test measures the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the domain being tested. In this case, if a road test adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, it has content validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of test results, a normal curve refers to the distribution of scores, and crystallized intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills.

Question 14

Psychologists would calculate the relationship between intelligence test scores and school grades in order to assess the ________ of the intelligence test.

Accepted Answer

Predictive validity refers to the extent to which a measure can accurately predict a future outcome, such as how well intelligence test scores can predict school grades. Thus, calculating the relationship between intelligence test scores and school grades would assess the predictive validity of the intelligence test. Choices A, B, and C are not relevant to this particular calculation.

Question 15

Mr.and Mrs.Vernays are parents of an adult child who received a diagnosis of intellectual disability.It is most likely that their child

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disability refers to significant limitations in intellectual functioning as well as adaptive behaviors, meaning difficulty adapting to the demands of everyday life. Therefore, it is most likely that the adult child in question has difficulty adapting to the demands of independent adult life.

Question 16

Which of the following observations provides the BEST evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Fraternal twins share the same environment more closely than ordinary siblings, suggesting that the similarity in their intelligence scores is influenced by environmental factors rather than just genetics.

Question 17

Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception.When you receive the test,however,you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics.In this instance,you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.

Accepted Answer

Content validity refers to the degree to which a test measures the specific content or behavior it is intended to measure. In this case, if the test is not assessing sensation and perception as announced, then it lacks content validity and the results may not accurately reflect the students' understanding of those topics.

Question 18

Because she had a natural aptitude for mathematics,Julie has taken as many advanced high school and college math courses as she could to increase her knowledge of mathematical concepts.Her success in this area best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

Gene-environment interactions refer to the way in which a person's genetic predispositions can be influenced by their environment, such as Julie's natural aptitude for mathematics being nurtured by taking advanced courses.

Question 19

The heritability of intelligence refers to

Accepted Answer

Heritability refers to the proportion of variability in a trait within a group of individuals that is attributed to genetic differences among those individuals. In the case of intelligence, heritability refers to the extent to which differences in intelligence among individuals within a group are due to genetic differences rather than environmental factors. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is partially correct in that it refers to an individual's intelligence being attributable to genetic factors, but it does not refer to variation within a group. Option C is incorrect as it refers to the average IQ of a large group, which is not related to heritability. Option D refers to the general factor of intelligence, which is separate from heritability.

Question 20

To find out if her new spatial reasoning test is good at measuring what it was designed to measure,Dr.Chu compares the scores on her test with the scores and grades of college students enrolled in courses that involve spatial reasoning.In this instance,Dr.Chu is in the process of

Accepted Answer

Dr. Chu is comparing her test scores with the established measures of spatial reasoning (e.g. grades in courses that involve spatial reasoning) to determine if her test is actually measuring spatial reasoning as it is intended to. This process is known as establishing the test's validity.

Quiz 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence