Question 1

The colored muscle that constricts when you feel disgust or enter a dark room is the

Accepted Answer

The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil, which regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. The iris also has muscles that constrict or dilate the pupil in response to different stimuli, such as changes in light or emotional responses like disgust. The cornea is a clear, protective outer layer of the eye. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells responsible for detecting light and sending visual information to the brain. The fovea is a small area in the center of the retina that contains a high concentration of photoreceptor cells and is responsible for sharp central vision. None of these parts of the eye are directly involved in the physiological response of the iris to emotional or environmental stimuli.

Question 2

For her birthday,Amy received flowers that had a dull red appearance.Compared with the entire range of visible light waves,the flowers reflected relatively ________ frequency and ________ amplitude light waves.

Accepted Answer

The dull red appearance of the flowers suggests that they reflected light waves with a low frequency (long wavelength) and a small amplitude (low intensity). This corresponds to Choice C, low frequency and small amplitude.

Question 3

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times a week,she didn't recognize the professor when she saw her in the grocery store.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Context effects refer to the influence that environmental factors have on perception. In this scenario, Sue Yen is used to seeing her professor in the context of a classroom or laboratory, so when she saw her in a different context (the grocery store), she was unable to recognize her.

Question 4

Light first enters the eye through the front surface structure known as the

Accepted Answer

Light first enters the eye through the cornea, which is the clear outer layer of the eye that helps to focus the incoming light. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris through which the light passes, but it is not the first structure through which the light enters the eye. The fovea is a small, specialized area of the retina that is responsible for high-acuity vision, but it is not the structure through which light first enters the eye. The retina is the innermost layer of the eye that contains the light-sensitive cells responsible for detecting and transmitting visual information to the brain, but it is not the first structure through which light enters the eye.

Question 5

A softball may appear smaller to batters who are discouraged by their poor performance than to batters who are hitting well.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing involves the use of prior knowledge, expectations, and context to interpret sensory information. In this case, batters who are hitting well may have a positive expectation and perception of the ball, making it appear larger to them through top-down processing. On the other hand, batters who are doing poorly may have a negative expectation and perception of the ball, making it appear smaller to them.

Question 6

While listening to sad rather than happy music,people are more likely to perceive a spoken word as mourning rather than morning.This best illustrates that perception is influenced by

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon is an example of top-down processing because prior knowledge and expectations (in this case, the sad music) influence how we perceive and interpret incoming sensory information (i.e. the spoken word).

Question 7

The wavelength of visible light determines its

Accepted Answer

The wavelength of visible light is directly related to its hue, or the color that is perceived by the observer. Therefore, the correct choice is D) hue.

Question 8

We may perceive a bottle of fruit juice as less expensive when we are most thirsty.This best illustrates that perceptions are influenced by

Accepted Answer

Our motivation or level of thirst can influence our perception of the value or cost of a product. When we are very thirsty, we may be more willing to pay a higher price for a bottle of fruit juice, making it seem less expensive to us in that moment.

Question 9

Paul is feeling romantic toward his wife.She is most likely to detect his interest in her by changes in the appearance of his eyes caused by

Accepted Answer

Dilation of the iris can cause changes in the appearance of the eyes, which can signal attraction or interest to others.

Question 10

Scary-sounding music accompanied a movie scene in which mountain climbers scaled a steep slope.The fact that the music made the climbing appear more dangerous to viewers illustrates that perceptions are influenced by

Accepted Answer

The use of scary-sounding music is intended to evoke an emotional response in the viewers and shape their perception of the scene. It suggests that the climbing is dangerous and suspenseful, intensifying the emotional impact of what is being shown on the screen. This demonstrates how emotions can influence the way we perceive events and stimuli.

Question 11

Brightness is to intensity as hue is to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brightness is to intensity as hue is...

Question 12

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

Accepted Answer

The iris controls the amount of light entering the eye by adjusting the size of the pupil. When the iris contracts, the pupil becomes smaller and less light can enter the eye. When the iris dilates, the pupil becomes larger and more light can enter the eye. The retina, optic nerve, and feature detectors are all involved in processing visual information but do not regulate the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 13

Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as the color ________ and the shortest visible waves as ________.

Accepted Answer

The longest visible electromagnetic waves are perceived as the color red, while the shortest visible waves are seen as blue-violet. This is due to the wavelength of the waves: longer wavelengths, such as red, are less energetic and therefore less stimulating to the retina, while shorter wavelengths, such as blue-violet, are more energetic and more stimulating. Therefore, choice C is correct.

Question 14

The influence of schemas on our interpretations of unfamiliar information best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Schemas are mental frameworks that organize and interpret information. Top-down processing refers to the use of preexisting knowledge and expectations, such as schemas, to make sense of new information. Therefore, schemas influence our interpretation of unfamiliar information through top-down processing.

Question 15

When Rick learned that many students had received a failing grade on the midterm exam,he was no longer disappointed by his C grade.His experience best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

The context effect refers to how our judgement, perception, and reaction to stimuli are affected by the environmental context in which they are encountered. In this case, Rick's perception of his C grade changed when he learned that many other students had done worse on the exam. Thus, the context effect best explains his shift in perception.

Question 16

The pupil is the

Accepted Answer

The pupil is the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters.

Question 17

In one study,a pictured woman was perceived by some as balancing a box on her head and by others as sitting under a window.The study best illustrated that perceptions are influenced by

Accepted Answer

The study best illustrates context effects, which occur when the context or surrounding environment influences our perception of stimuli. In this case, the background or context of the picture influenced whether participants perceived the woman as balancing a box or sitting under a window.

Question 18

A concept that helps us to interpret new stimuli is called a

Accepted Answer

A schema is a mental framework or concept that helps us interpret and organize new information based on our existing knowledge and experiences. This is different from sensory adaptation, which refers to the diminishing sensitivity of our sensory systems to constant or unchanging stimuli over time. Feature detectors are specialized cells in the visual cortex that respond to specific features of visual stimuli, such as lines, angles, and edges. Gestalt refers to the concept of how our brains organize and perceive visual information as a whole, rather than as individual parts.

Question 19

Visual perceptions of objects often change when the objects are viewed in different surroundings.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Context effects refer to how the context or surroundings can influence our perception of an object or situation. This can include visual perception, such as when an object looks different depending on the background or other objects around it. Prosopagnosia is a condition where individuals struggle to recognize faces, while Weber's law refers to our ability to detect differences in stimuli. Subliminal stimulation involves stimuli that are presented below our threshold for conscious perception.

Question 20

The perceived brightness of visible light waves is determined by their

Accepted Answer

The perceived brightness of visible light waves is determined by their amplitude, also known as their intensity or brightness. The greater the amplitude, the brighter the light appears. Frequency, on the other hand, determines the color or hue of the light.

Quiz 5: Sensation and Perception