Question 1

Type D individuals face an elevated risk of heart attacks.They are best described as experiencing ________ during social interactions.

Accepted Answer

Type D individuals are characterized by experiencing negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, and distress during social interactions. They tend to avoid social interactions because they fear rejection or disapproval, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation. This chronic stress can lead to an increased risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems.

Question 2

Who is the best example of a Type B personality?

Accepted Answer

A Type B personality is characterized by being relaxed, easy-going, and understanding. Mauriucca, the social worker, is the best example of this personality type.

Question 3

Type B personalities have a ________ risk of heart disease than Type A personalities and a ________ risk of heart disease than Type D personalities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Type B personalities have a ________ risk...

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why persistent stress heightens one's vulnerability to illness?

Accepted Answer

Persistent stress causes the release of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, which suppress immune system activity. This makes the body more vulnerable to infections and illnesses.

Question 5

Type A is to ________ as Type B is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Type A is often characterized as hard-driving and competitive, while Type B is more relaxed and easygoing.

Question 6

In one study,nearly 4000 English adults (ages 52 to 79)provided mood reports from a single day.Compared with those in a good mood,those in a blue mood were twice as likely to ________ within the next five years.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking which outcome is twice as likely for individuals in a blue mood compared to those in a good mood. The only answer choice that directly addresses mortality is D) be dead, making it the best choice. The other answer choices (developing multiple sclerosis, suffering from lupus, experiencing elevated lymphocyte levels) do not have a clear or direct connection to mood, and there is no evidence to suggest that individuals in a blue mood are more likely to experience these outcomes.

Question 7

The characteristic that most clearly contributes to the disease vulnerability of Type A personalities is their feelings of

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are characterized by their tendency to experience chronic anger and hostility, which can contribute to increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and other health problems. While urgency, competitiveness, and ambition may also be present in Type A personalities, it is the anger component that is most strongly associated with disease vulnerability.

Question 8

Who would be most susceptible to heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Marvin's impatience and irritability can increase his stress levels, which are a risk factor for heart disease. The other choices do not demonstrate the same level of susceptibility to heart disease.

Question 9

Who is the best example of a Type A personality?

Accepted Answer

Mara's irritability and impatience are characteristic traits of a Type A personality, which is typically described as competitive, time-conscious, ambitious, and easily frustrated by delays or obstacles. Rashida, Wilma, and Charisse do not exhibit these traits as strongly or consistently as Mara.

Question 10

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle is known as

Accepted Answer

The clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle is a defining characteristic of coronary heart disease. The other options are not related to this condition.

Question 11

The risk of heart disease increases when the body responds to constant stress with

Accepted Answer

Constant stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which is linked to the development of heart disease. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, have been associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

Question 12

Friedman and Rosenman referred to relaxed and easygoing individuals as ________ personalities.

Accepted Answer

Friedman and Rosenman classified individuals into two categories: Type A and Type B. Type B referred to relaxed and easygoing individuals, while Type A referred to individuals who were competitive, ambitious, and often experienced high levels of stress. Type C and Type D personalities were later identified by other researchers.

Question 13

The greatest number of deaths in the United States today results from

Accepted Answer

According to statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, followed by cancer. Strokes and AIDS are also causes of death, but they are not as prevalent as heart disease and cancer.

Question 14

As college students approach stressful final exams they are especially likely to experience increased ________ levels.

Accepted Answer

Final exam season can lead to increased stress levels in college students, which can in turn lead to higher blood pressure.

Question 15

Although stress does not create cancer cells,it may affect their growth by

Accepted Answer

Stress can suppress the activity of T lymphocytes, which play a critical role in immune function and cancer surveillance. This can allow cancer cells to grow and evade detection by the immune system. Elevated oxytocin levels and decreased cortisol levels can actually have anti-cancer effects, and increased NK cell count may be helpful in fighting cancer, but these options are not supported by the given information.

Question 16

Andrew believes that the rapid spread of malignant tumors throughout his body resulted from the stress of losing his wife during the past year.It would make most sense for Andrew to attribute the speedy progression of his cancer to

Accepted Answer

Stress has been shown to suppress lymphocyte activity, which can compromise the body's ability to fight off cancer cells. Reduced cortisol levels (A) and elevated oxytocin levels (B) are generally associated with a reduction in stress and are unlikely to be the cause of rapid tumor progression. An elevated NK (natural killer) cell count (D) would actually be beneficial in fighting cancer cells, making this choice less likely as well.

Question 17

Studying initially healthy men over a 10-year period,researchers found that pessimistic adult men were more than twice as likely as optimistic men to experience

Accepted Answer

The study found that pessimistic adult men were more than twice as likely as optimistic men to experience coronary heart disease.

Question 18

In their nine-year longitudinal study,Friedman and Rosenman found that Type A men are at a high risk for

Accepted Answer

Friedman and Rosenman's study found that Type A men have a higher risk of coronary heart disease and heart attacks, compared to Type B individuals. There was no evidence to suggest an increased risk for stomach ulcers, cancer, or lupus.

Question 19

Don experiences persistent stress because he has lost his job and his marriage is failing.His high level of stress is most likely to place him at a higher risk for

Accepted Answer

High levels of stress can lead to an increase in blood pressure, which can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other serious health conditions. Allergies, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis are not directly related to stress.

Question 20

The risk of death from cardiovascular disease is substantially increased among those with

Accepted Answer

There is a strong link between depression and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Research has shown that depression can lead to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and other heart-related conditions. Depression can also affect how the body functions, including how well the heart works, and it can lead to unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking or overeating, which can increase the risk of heart disease.

Quiz 10: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing