Question 1

The Yale Attitude Change approach focused on a number of factors that influence the success of a persuasive message.Which of the following best exemplifies source variables as one of those factors?

Accepted Answer

Expert versus novice speakers are examples of source variables, as they relate to the credibility and expertise of the person delivering the persuasive message. One-sided versus two-sided messages, high versus low quality argument, visual versus auditory messages, and long versus short appeals are other examples of factors that influence the success of a persuasive message, but they do not relate directly to the source of the message.

Question 2

The concept of _______ refers to the ease with which people believe that they can perform a behaviour in question.

Accepted Answer

Perceived behavioural control refers to the belief that one has about their ability to perform a behavior. It is a significant factor in predicting behavior and is a component of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The other options are not related to perceived behavioural control.

Question 3

The concept of subjective norms refers to people's

Accepted Answer

Subjective norms refer to individuals' beliefs about what important others will think of their behavior. It is a social factor that influences behavior and is often considered alongside attitudes and perceived behavioral control in the theory of planned behavior. A person's subjective norm can either support or discourage a behavior, depending on whether they perceive approval or disapproval from their reference group.

Question 4

You will be more likely to go to law school if the people you care most about think that you should.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This scenario highlights the influence of subjective norms on behavioural intentions. Subjective norms refer to the perceived social pressure to engage in (or avoid) a particular behaviour based on the beliefs and opinions of significant others. In this case, the opinions of the people the individual cares about are likely to shape their perception of what is expected of them and influence their intentions to attend law school.

Question 5

Many young people have a positive attitude towards condom use,yet fail to use them.A theory that can help sort out the factors that influence this discrepancy between attitudes and behaviour is called the

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned behavior proposes that behavior is influenced by intentions, which in turn are influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. In this case, the young people may have positive attitudes towards condom use, but their intentions to use condoms may be influenced by subjective norms (e.g. pressure from peers or partners not to use condoms) or perceived behavioral control (e.g. lack of knowledge or access to condoms). Therefore, the theory of planned behavior can help identify and address these factors that may be hindering their use of condoms.

Question 6

Persuasion from the perspective of "who says what to whom" is best associated with the

Accepted Answer

The "who says what to whom" approach to persuasion is a key component of the Yale attitude change approach. This approach emphasizes the importance of the source of the message, the content of the message, and the audience receiving the message. The other models listed also offer different perspectives on persuasion, but they do not specifically focus on the "who says what to whom" component in the same way as the Yale approach.

Question 7

Even though Mario dislikes roller coasters,he may decide to take a ride because his best friend really wants him to ride the new Tidal Wave.This example shows the importance of _______ on our behavioural decisions.

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates the influence of subjective norms on our behavioral decisions, where Mario considers his best friend's desires, reflecting the impact of social expectations and relationships on his actions.

Question 8

One night Emily meets Don in a bar and they decide to go back to his place and have sex.Emily has a condom in her purse and wants to ask Don to use it,but is afraid that if she does he will think she is promiscuous (easy).According to the text,this is an example of the influence of

Accepted Answer

Emily's fear of being labeled as promiscuous shows that she is influenced by subjective norms, which are the social expectations and beliefs about what is acceptable behavior in a given situation. Emily is worried about how others will perceive her, which is a factor in her decision-making process.

Question 9

When people listen carefully to a persuasive communication and think about the arguments,they are using the _______ route to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

The central route to persuasion is when people listen carefully and thoughtfully consider the arguments presented to them. They are focusing on the content of the message and making informed decisions based on the information provided.

Question 10

According to the Yale Attitude Change approach,_______ speakers are more persuasive than their opposites.

Accepted Answer

According to the Yale Attitude Change approach, attractive speakers are more persuasive than their opposite counterparts. This is based on the theory of the halo effect, where people tend to attribute positive qualities to attractive individuals.

Question 11

Based on the theory of planned behaviour,who is most likely to follow through on the intention to buy new tires?

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of planned behaviour, three factors influence intentions and subsequent behaviour: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Richie's parents prioritize safety, which may influence his attitude toward purchasing new tires. Additionally, they are willing to lend him the money, which may increase his perceived behavioural control. These factors, according to the theory, make Richie more likely to follow through on his intention to purchase new tires. The other options mention positive attitudes or social pressure, but do not address perceived control over buying the tires.

Question 12

Richard LaPiere (1934)found a discrepancy between proprietors' reported attitudes towards accommodating Chinese and their willingness to provide services to a Chinese couple who accompanied him on his travels.The discrepancy between proprietors' attitudes and actual behaviours might have been reduced had LaPiere written and asked them,

Accepted Answer

By specifying that the Chinese couple would be accompanied by an American professor, the question might have reduced bias and increased the likelihood of proprietors agreeing to provide service, aligning their reported attitudes with their actual behavior.

Question 13

Hosking and colleagues (2009)examined cultural differences in predictors of behavioural intentions to quit smoking.The factor that was more predictive of Westerners' intentions than Southeast Asians' intentions was

Accepted Answer

The study found that personal attitudes towards smoking were more predictive of Westerners' intentions to quit smoking than Southeast Asians' intentions. This suggests that Westerners are more likely to be influenced by their own beliefs and values about smoking, whereas Southeast Asians may be more influenced by social norms and external factors.

Question 14

Attitudes are an individual internal phenomenon,yet they are of tremendous interest to social psychologists.Why?

Accepted Answer

Attitude change is often a social phenomenon because it can be influenced by interactions with others, such as friends, family, and peers.

Question 15

Before Jane schedules an appointment to undergo plastic surgery,she asks herself,"What will my husband Ted think about me getting a breast enlargement?" This example reflects the power of _______ to influence intentions and behaviours.

Accepted Answer

This scenario reflects Jane's consideration of how her husband's opinion would align with societal or cultural norms surrounding body image and plastic surgery, which reflects the concept of subjective norms.

Question 16

The concept of _______ refers to people's beliefs about how those they care about will view a behaviour in question.

Accepted Answer

The concept being described is subjective norms, which are individuals' beliefs about how those they care about perceive a behavior. Judgmental norms refer to the perceived social pressure to conform to a certain behavior, social convention refers to commonly accepted behaviors within a culture or society, normative evaluations involve an individual's feelings of approval or disapproval towards a behavior, and reciprocity norms involve the expectation that favors should be returned. None of these concepts fully capture the idea of individuals' beliefs about others' views of a behavior.

Question 17

Why are subjective norms important determinants of people's behavioural intentions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are subjective norms important determinants of...

Question 18

Norman and colleagues (2010)used the theory of planned behaviour to predict subjects' behavioural intentions towards those with mental illness.They examined two components of the theory only.Their results provided support for the theory of planned behaviour when they found that ________ predicted subjects behavioural intentions.

Accepted Answer

Norman and colleagues examined two components of the theory of planned behaviour, namely specific attitudes and subjective norms. Their results provided support for the theory when they found that both of these components predicted subjects' behavioural intentions. Emotional responses and expectations were not mentioned as predictors in this study.

Question 19

Sometimes people don't use condoms because they are too embarrassed to buy them at the drug store.According to the text,this is an example of the influence of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sometimes people don't use condoms because they...

Question 20

Eva's friends and her husband think that it's important that she get a mammogram at her next annual check-up.Eva believes that it will be relatively easy for her to make time in her schedule for that extra procedure.Thus,Eva has every intention of getting a mammogram as part of her annual check-up.This example best reflects the power of _______ and _______ respectively,to influence behavioural intentions and subsequent behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes Eva's friends and husband expressing their belief that getting a mammogram is important, which reflects subjective norms. Additionally, Eva believes it will be easy for her to make time for the procedure, which reflects perceived behavioural control. Therefore, the two concepts that have influenced Eva's behavioural intentions and subsequent behaviours are subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.

Quiz 6: Attitudes and Attitude Change