Question 1

A political campaign booklet seems to be applying the _____________ when it says, "Repetition breeds familiarity and familiarity breeds trust."

Accepted Answer

The statement is referring to the mere-exposure effect, which suggests that people tend to prefer things that they are familiar with. The repetition of a message in a political campaign booklet can increase the familiarity of the candidate or their ideas, thereby potentially increasing trust from the audience.

Question 2

On the basis of his research on the mere-exposure effect, Robert Zajonc argues that our emotions are often more _______________ than our thinking.

Accepted Answer

The mere-exposure effect suggests that simply being exposed to something repeatedly can lead to a positive emotional response, even if we don't consciously think about it. This implies that our emotions can be influenced and formed quickly, without much thinking or cognitive effort. Therefore, option B, "instantaneous," is the most fitting choice.

Question 3

A university student notices that an election for school president is being held. He has seen posters for L. V. Smith around campus, but he doesn't know anything else about the candidates who are running. He will likely choose the candidate named L. V. Smith instead of the one named W. P. Daoust because of

Accepted Answer

The student is more likely to choose L. V. Smith due to the mere-exposure effect, which means that people tend to have a preference for things or people they are familiar with or have been exposed to before. In this case, the student has seen posters for L. V. Smith around campus, so their name is more familiar to him compared to W. P. Daoust.

Question 4

The fact that people prefer letters appearing in their own name illustrates

Accepted Answer

The preference for letters appearing in one's own name is an example of the mere-exposure effect, which describes the phenomenon of increased liking or preference for stimuli that are more familiar or frequently encountered. In this case, the letters in one's own name are encountered and processed more often than other sets of letters, leading to a preference for them. The belongingness effect refers to the tendency to feel a sense of affiliation or connection with something, while the proximity effect describes the increased likelihood of forming relationships with people or objects that are physically closer. The matching effect refers to the tendency to prefer people or things that are perceived as similar to oneself.

Question 5

A stranger rides the same bus as you do to school every day. According to the mere-exposure effect, as the days pass you will come to view the stranger

Accepted Answer

The mere-exposure effect states that repeated exposure to a stimulus increases people's attraction to that stimulus. Therefore, as the days pass and the individual continues to ride the same bus as the stranger, they should come to view the stranger more favourably.

Question 6

A young woman's physical attractiveness is a moderately good predictor of

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that physical attractiveness is a moderate predictor of how frequently a woman dates or goes on dates. However, physical attractiveness does not necessarily predict educational level or marital happiness.

Question 7

Which of the following principles is supported by the research on social attraction?

Accepted Answer

The research on social attraction supports the principle that familiarity breeds fondness. This means that people tend to like things that are familiar to them, including people they have interacted with before. Familiarity can increase comfort levels and positive feelings, leading to greater attraction.

Question 8

The owners of a new dating service for men and women want to avoid the superficiality of photographs and physical descriptions, and match people based only on their scores on personality and aptitude tests. Given your knowledge of predicting attraction, what do you advise?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The owners of a new dating service...

Question 9

The tendency for men and women to choose as partners that are a good fit in attractiveness and other traits defines the

Accepted Answer

The matching phenomenon refers to the tendency for people to choose partners who are a good fit in terms of their level of attractiveness and other traits. This has been supported by research showing that people tend to date and marry others who are similar to them in terms of physical attractiveness, intelligence, education level, and other characteristics. The other answer choices are not accurate descriptions of this phenomenon.

Question 10

Elaine Hatfield and her coworkers matched University of Minnesota freshmen for a "Welcome Week" computer dance. When the students were asked to evaluate their dates, what determined whether they liked each other?

Accepted Answer

Elaine Hatfield and her coworkers found that physical attractiveness was the strongest predictor of whether the University of Minnesota freshmen liked their dates during the "Welcome Week" computer dance.

Question 11

Zajonc has demonstrated that the more times people see a foreign word, the more likely they are

Accepted Answer

Zajonc's research found that people tend to develop a positive feeling towards stimuli (e.g., foreign words) as they are exposed to them more frequently. This is known as the mere exposure effect. Therefore, the more times people see a foreign word, the more likely they are to say it means something good.

Question 12

The mere-exposure effect will be stronger

Accepted Answer

The mere-exposure effect, a psychological phenomenon where people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them, is stronger when people perceive stimuli without awareness. This is because unconscious familiarity increases liking, as individuals are not aware of the source of their exposure, leading to a greater effect on their preferences.

Question 13

When Mita, Dermer, and Knight showed female students and their close friends, photographs of the students and asked them to state their preferences among them, they found that the students themselves liked the _____ photographs best.

Accepted Answer

Mita, Dermer, and Knight found that individuals preferred mirror-image photographs of themselves, while their friends preferred true-image photographs. This is because people are more accustomed to seeing their mirror images, such as in a mirror, leading to a preference for the familiar reflection.

Question 14

The fact that there are a disproportionate number of dentists named Dennis or Denise, and that Toronto has an excess of people whose last names begin with "Tor," demonstrates what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon demonstrated in both scenarios is the mere-exposure effect, where people tend to develop a preference for things that they are exposed to frequently or familiar with, such as names or words associated with their environment.

Question 15

Robert Zajonc found that the mere-exposure effect works with which of the following stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Robert Zajonc's research on the mere-exposure effect found that it works with a range of stimuli, including nonsense syllables, people's faces, and musical selections, among others. Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Question 16

In experiments by Robert Zajonc and his coworkers, participants were exposed to brief, novel passages of music while they focused their attention on other tasks. Results indicated that mere exposure leads to liking

Accepted Answer

The experiments by Zajonc and his coworkers showed that mere exposure can lead to liking even when people are unaware of what they have been exposed to.

Question 17

Researchers provide men and women students with various pieces of information about someone of the other sex, including a picture of the person or a brief introduction, and later ask them how interested they are in dating the participant. Results show that

Accepted Answer

Research shows that men are somewhat more influenced by a woman's physical attractiveness than women are by a man's. However, this does not mean that women are not at all influenced by a man's looks. Other factors, such as personality and intelligence, also play a role in determining interest in a potential partner.

Question 18

According to research,

Accepted Answer

All three statements are supported by research, therefore all choices are correct. Studies have shown that physical attraction is an important factor in relationship satisfaction and that couples who are more similar in physical attractiveness tend to have stronger relationships. Additionally, married couples have been found to be more closely matched for attractiveness compared to dating couples.

Question 19

Men who place a personal ad that emphasizes their income and education

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that men who emphasize their income and education in personal ads tend to receive more responses from women. This could be because these traits are generally seen as desirable and indicative of a successful and stable partner.

Question 20

If Taline wanted to increase the likelihood that her teacher would like her essay, she could use the mere-exposure effect in this way:

Accepted Answer

The mere-exposure effect suggests that people tend to develop a preference for things they are exposed to repeatedly. By having the teacher proofread the paper beforehand, the teacher becomes more familiar with it, potentially increasing their liking for it when grading.

Quiz 10: Attraction and Intimacy: Liking and Loving Others