Question 1

Which of the following labels implies a judgment based on subjective values?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are subjective labels that can be interpreted differently based on individual values and beliefs. There is no objective definition of these labels, and they can be used to justify different actions or behaviors depending on the perspective of the person using them.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of how values play a role in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Question 3

Two contradictory criticisms faced by social psychology are that its findings are obvious and that

Accepted Answer

One criticism of social psychology is that its findings could be used to manipulate people, which suggests that the findings are not obvious. Additionally, the fact that findings could be used for manipulation suggests that they are not necessarily false or contradictory.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true about values and social psychology?

Accepted Answer

The statement that "the fact that human thinking always involves interpretation is precisely why we need scientific analysis" accurately reflects the importance of scientific research in understanding values in social psychology. The other statements are either incorrect or overly simplistic.

Question 5

The statement, "The way things are is the way they ought to be," reflects the

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the naturalistic fallacy, which assumes that what exists naturally is morally right or correct. It suggests that there should be no attempt to change the existing state of affairs.

Question 6

A cross-cultural researcher finds that across the world most legislators are male. He concludes that the political office in his own country should be closed to women. The researcher is most clearly guilty of

Accepted Answer

The naturalistic fallacy involves deriving an ethical "ought" from a descriptive "is." In this case, the researcher concludes that because most legislators are male (a descriptive fact), political office should be closed to women (an ethical or normative statement), which is a classic example of the naturalistic fallacy.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of how values subtly influence science?

Accepted Answer

Option D does not relate to how values can subtly influence science. The role of the independent variable (IV) on the dependent variable (DV) should be controlled and not influenced by values. Options A, B, and C all demonstrate how values can influence science in subtle ways.

Question 8

When people claimed to have easily foreseen research findings about World War II soldiers, researcher Paul Lazarsfeld concluded that

Accepted Answer

Paul Lazarsfeld concluded that people often claimed to have foreseen research findings after they were presented, but in reality, they often predicted the opposite of what was actually found, demonstrating hindsight bias.

Question 9

According to the text, _______________ tends to make people overconfident about their ability to predict something that, at the time it was unfolding, they had no idea how it will all turn out.

Accepted Answer

The description in the text matches the definition of hindsight bias, which is the tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have predicted or expected the outcome beforehand. This bias can lead to overconfidence in one's ability to predict future events. The other options listed are different cognitive biases with distinct definitions and do not fit the description in the text.

Question 10

Rohan is a first year university student from India who is having some difficulties adjusting to university life. Which of the following is an example of a subtle way that Rohan's values influence his behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rohan is a first year university student...

Question 11

The critique that social psychology has assumed that people are competitive and individualistic and that conformity is always bad, is likely to come from someone who believes that

Accepted Answer

The critique that social psychology assumes competitiveness and individualism and that conformity is always bad is often made by those who believe that social psychology has been influenced by Western cultural worldviews that emphasize individualism and independence. This critique suggests that social psychology needs to expand its worldview to include more diverse cultural perspectives.

Question 12

The quote, "One problem with common sense is that we invoke it after we know the facts," from your textbook describes

Accepted Answer

The quote is referring to the hindsight bias, which is the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have predicted or expected that outcome before it occurred. It is often influenced by the individual's pre-existing beliefs and biases. Therefore, the use of common sense in hindsight may not necessarily be accurate or reliable.

Question 13

Common assumptions often go unchallenged among a group of scholars who share the same

Accepted Answer

The answer of Common assumptions often go unchallenged among a...

Question 14

The hindsight bias contributes to the idea that

Accepted Answer

The hindsight bias refers to the tendency for people to believe, after an event has occurred, that they would have predicted or expected the outcome. This can lead people to believe that the results of psychological experiments are mere common sense, since they may feel that they could have predicted the results themselves if they had known the details of the experiment beforehand. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 15

Which of the following illustrates how hidden values might influence social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Hidden values can influence the choice of research topics, methods, and subjects, as all these decisions can reflect underlying assumptions and biases.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Humans have cognitive biases that influence how they perceive and interpret information, leading them to often prejudge reality based on their expectations. This is a well-documented phenomenon in psychology and cognitive science, illustrating how personal beliefs and expectations can shape one's perception of reality.

Question 17

Contrary to popular opinion, scientists investigate nature

Accepted Answer

Scientists cannot avoid interpreting nature based on their own mental categories and biases. They may strive for objectivity, but their interpretation is ultimately influenced by their own personal backgrounds and beliefs.

Question 18

A researcher finds that university students wash their hands on an average of three times a day. She concludes that an educational program is necessary to encourage frequent hand washing by those who wash their hands less than once a day. The researcher is probably guilty of

Accepted Answer

The researcher is making a value judgment about what ought to be, based on what is (the average number of times students wash their hands). This is an example of the naturalistic fallacy, which involves deriving an ethical conclusion from a descriptive premise.

Question 19

We tend to take for granted the shared beliefs that European social psychologists call our _____, our most important but least debated convictions.

Accepted Answer

The term "social representations" refers to the shared beliefs and understandings that are taken for granted in a particular culture or society. This concept is central to the field of social psychology and helps to explain how certain attitudes and behaviors become widely accepted and normalized within a given community. The other answer choices (B, C, and D) are not relevant to this particular concept.

Question 20

Which of the following psychological terms reflects a disguised value judgment?

Accepted Answer

All of these terms can reflect disguised value judgments as they imply subjective assessments of what is considered normal, healthy, or ideal behavior.

Quiz 1: Introducing Social Psychology