Question 1

The U.S.workforce is slowly being reshaped by employers' increasing use of part-time workers.

Accepted Answer

With the rise of the gig economy and employers' desire to reduce labor costs, more companies are turning to part-time and contract workers. This has resulted in a gradual shift in the composition of the U.S. workforce towards a greater number of part-time employees.

Question 2

Differentiate the various types of authority as outlined by Max Weber.Give examples to illustrate each type.

Accepted Answer

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Question 3

Compare and contrast the various types of government.

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Question 4

One common point between the elite perspective and the pluralist perspective is that power is unequally distributed within the U.S.political system.

Accepted Answer

Both the elite perspective and the pluralist perspective recognize that power is concentrated in certain institutions or groups, and that individuals or groups with more resources or connections are more likely to influence political decisions.

Question 5

Sociologists approach war in one way-the social impact of war on individuals and the groups to which they belong.

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Question 6

Ninety percent of the world's armed conflict during 1990s occurred within rather than between states.

Accepted Answer

According to the United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development Report, 90 percent of armed conflicts during the 1990s occurred within states rather than between them.

Question 7

The People's Republic of China,Vietnam,and Cuba are the remaining societies that serve as ideal types of communist systems.

Accepted Answer

While the People's Republic of China, Vietnam, and Cuba are often referred to as communist countries due to their single-party systems and Marxist-Leninist roots, in practice, they have all implemented various forms of market economies and reforms that deviate from the "ideal type" of a communist system, which would entail a stateless, classless society where the means of production are owned communally.

Question 8

Many countries have adopted quotas in order to ensure participation of females in the legislative process.

Accepted Answer

Many countries, including India, Rwanda, and Norway, have implemented quotas to increase the representation of women in political positions. Some countries have adopted quotas for political parties, while others have implemented quotas for actual seats in parliament.

Question 9

Before 1971,you had to be twenty-one in order to vote in a political election in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The 26th Amendment to the US Constitution, ratified in 1971, lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. Prior to this, the minimum voting age was indeed 21.

Question 10

Deindustrialization refers to reductions in a company's workforce as a part of downsizing.

Accepted Answer

Deindustrialization refers to the decline in industrial activity in a region or the entire country, often resulting in the closure of factories and losses in manufacturing jobs. It is not limited to downsizing within a company.

Question 11

Robert Dahl's model of political power in the United States suggests there are three levels: corporate,executive,and military elites;local opinion leaders;and the unorganized,exploited masses at the bottom of the pile.

Accepted Answer

Robert Dahl's model of political power, particularly in his work "Who Governs?", does not describe a three-tiered structure of corporate, executive, and military elites; local opinion leaders; and unorganized, exploited masses. Instead, Dahl's model is centered around the concept of pluralism, suggesting that power in the United States is distributed among multiple groups that compete and negotiate to influence political outcomes.

Question 12

Capitalism and socialism serve as ideal types of economic systems.

Accepted Answer

Capitalism and socialism are often used as "ideal types" to compare and contrast different economic systems, and are not necessarily seen as definitive or conclusive models.

Question 13

Today's corporate elite are overwhelmingly White and male.

Accepted Answer

Studies and research have consistently shown that today's corporate elite in many parts of the world, including the US, Europe, and Asia, are predominantly White and male. Efforts to promote diversity and inclusion in corporate leadership have been ongoing but progress has been slow.

Question 14

Countries in Eastern Europe dismantled their socialist governments in the early 1980s.

Accepted Answer

Countries in Eastern Europe began dismantling their socialist governments in the late 1980s, with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989-1991.

Question 15

The United States is relatively unique in that it requires its citizens to essentially vote twice-a policy that may cause lower voter turnout among the young.

Accepted Answer

In the United States, citizens are required to register to vote and then actually cast their vote, which effectively requires them to vote twice. This policy may be seen as a barrier to voting for many young people who are not accustomed to these requirements and may discourage them from participating in the political process.

Question 16

A fundamental element in Mills's power structure model is that the power elite are relatively few in number and also operate as a self-conscious and cohesive unit.

Accepted Answer

Mills argued that the power elite, comprising business, political, and military leaders, were a small group who were aware of their shared interests and collaborated to maintain their dominance.

Question 17

Pluralists suggest that upper-class politicians are dominant in the power structure of the United States.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

The media tend to cover the personal lives of male politicians more than female politicians,since males are more likely to be elected to political offices.

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Question 19

Affirmative action is now illegal.

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action is still legal in the United States, although it has faced legal challenges and controversy.

Question 20

Informal economies exist only in developing countries.

Accepted Answer

Informal economies exist in both developing and developed countries. However, they may be more prevalent in developing countries due to factors such as lack of formal employment opportunities and weak governmental regulation.

Quiz 16: Government and the Economy