Question 1

According to the cognitive model of psychological disorders,maladaptive behavior is produced by:

Accepted Answer

According to the cognitive model of psychological disorders, maladaptive behavior is produced by irrational beliefs or attitudes. These beliefs can lead to negative thoughts and emotions, which in turn can lead to behavior that is harmful or counterproductive. For example, someone with a phobia of flying may have an irrational belief that they will definitely die in a plane crash, leading them to avoid air travel altogether.

Question 2

The _______ approach to psychological disorders suggests that we learn abnormal behaviors just as we learn other behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The learning approach to psychological disorders suggests that abnormal behaviors are learned just like other behaviors through conditioning, reinforcement, and observation. This approach emphasizes the role of environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders.

Question 3

The behavioral model suggests that abnormal behavior is the result of _______.

Accepted Answer

The behavioral model of abnormal behavior suggests that abnormal behavior is the result of learning. This learning can be through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning. The model emphasizes the role of environmental factors and social learning in shaping behavior. It does not focus on biological or biochemical factors as much as other models do.

Question 4

Thinking in a self-defeating,illogical,and unrealistic manner causes abnormal behavior,according to the _______ model.

Accepted Answer

The given characteristics of thinking patterns suggest cognitive distortions, which are the focus of the cognitive model of abnormal behavior. This model suggests that distorted thought patterns lead to maladaptive behavior and emotional disturbances.

Question 5

Modern attempts to classify psychological disorders date back to ____________.

Accepted Answer

Emil Kraepelin is credited with developing a classification system for psychological disorders in the late 19th and early 20th century. While Sigmund Freud is known for his theories on psychoanalysis, he did not develop a formal classification system for psychological disorders. Aristotle and the humanistic movement also did not develop formal classification systems for psychological disorders.

Question 6

The learning approach to psychological disorders suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The learning approach posits that we learn abnormal behaviors just as we learn other behaviors, and thus treating psychological disorders may involve unlearning or relearning certain behaviors. The other options do not accurately represent the learning approach to psychological disorders.

Question 7

Although most psychologists take into account all of the definitions of abnormal behavior,many give SPECIAL attention to which of the following considerations?

Accepted Answer

Most psychologists give special attention to the maladjustment and personal distress dimensions when identifying abnormal behavior. This is because abnormal behavior can often cause significant distress to the individual experiencing it, and can interfere with their ability to function in daily life.

Question 8

During the Middle Ages,abnormal behavior was frequently attributed to:

Accepted Answer

During the Middle Ages, abnormal behavior was often attributed to demon possession, as the belief in supernatural forces was prevalent. People with mental illnesses were often seen as being possessed by demons and were subjected to exorcisms to cure them.

Question 9

The _______ approach to psychological disorders explains mental illness in much the same way that we today explain physical illnesses.

Accepted Answer

The medical approach to psychological disorders explains mental illness in much the same way that physical illnesses are explained, with a focus on biological factors, such as genetics and brain chemistry, and the use of medical treatments, such as medication and psychotherapy.

Question 10

Which perspective was first used to explain abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which perspective was first used to explain...

Question 11

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling fear of heights.The doctor suggests that Dave's phobia is a learned disorder that can be unlearned with proper treatment.This view is typical of the _______ model of abnormality.

Accepted Answer

The doctor's suggestion that Dave's phobia can be unlearned through treatment suggests a behavioral approach to understanding abnormality, which focuses on learned behaviors and how they can be modified or unlearned through conditioning and other techniques.

Question 12

In the movie "The Exorcist," a Catholic priest performed religious rituals to cast out a demon that made a young girl act abnormally.This illustrates which perspective on the causes of abnormal behavior?

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the movie "The Exorcist" suggests a mystical perspective on the causes of abnormal behavior, which involves attributing abnormal behavior to supernatural forces, such as possession by demons or spirits.

Question 13

Edith's strange behavior has led her daughter,Anne,to consider institutionalizing her.Edith's mother and grandmother were both institutionalized in their lifetimes and Anne has already sought psychiatric help.Edith's strange behavior BEST fits the _______ model of abnormality.

Accepted Answer

Edith's family history suggests a genetic predisposition to mental illness. The biological model emphasizes the role of genetics and brain chemistry in the development of mental illness. Therefore, Edith's strange behavior is best explained by the biological model of abnormality.

Question 14

During the Middle Ages,bizarre behavior was commonly explained as due to _______ factors.

Accepted Answer

During the Middle Ages, bizarre behavior was commonly explained as due to supernatural factors, such as possession by demons or witchcraft.

Question 15

Dave's mother suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling feelings of inferiority.The doctor suggests that Dave's problem stems from internal processes such as unrealistic expectancies and negative thinking.This view is typical of the _______ model of abnormality.

Accepted Answer

The doctor's suggestion that Dave's problem might stem from unrealistic expectancies and negative thinking points to the cognitive model of abnormality, which emphasizes the importance of thinking patterns in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. The other answer choices (biological, behavioral, and psychoanalytic) are not as relevant to Dave's situation based on the information provided.

Question 16

With which perspective on mental disorder is John Watson associated?

Accepted Answer

John Watson is associated with the behavioral perspective on mental disorder. He believed that all behavior is learned through experience and that mental disorders can be treated by changing the patient's learned behaviors.

Question 17

The DSM-IV-TR identifies dissociative identity disorder as

Accepted Answer

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is specifically identified in the DSM-IV-TR as a dissociative disorder characterized by the dissociation of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Panic disorder is a separate diagnosis characterized by recurring panic attacks. Dissociative fugue is another dissociative disorder characterized by amnesia and usually involves sudden, unexpected travel away from home. Schizophrenia is a separate diagnosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking.

Question 18

The cognitive model suggests that abnormal behavior results from _______.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive model suggests that abnormal behavior results from conscious mental processes, such as distorted thinking and negative self-talk patterns.

Question 19

It seems to Joanna that every time her son Daniel eats foods containing chemical dyes or additives,he gets into trouble or acts irrationally.When Joanna mentions this to her pediatrician,the doctor tells Joanna that Daniel's behavior fits the _______ model of abnormality.

Accepted Answer

The biological model of abnormality emphasizes underlying physical causes of mental disorders, such as genetic predisposition, biochemical imbalances, or neurological abnormalities. In this case, the doctor's suggestion that Daniel's behavior may be related to the chemical dyes and additives in his food suggests a biological explanation for his symptoms.

Question 20

The biological model holds that abnormal behavior is related to ______.

Accepted Answer

The biological model suggests that abnormal behavior is related to genetic factors or abnormalities in brain structure or functioning.

Quiz 13: A: Psychological Disorders