Question 1

The psychological school of ________ was concerned with scientific efforts to understand the basic foundations of everyday conscious experience.

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Question 2

Antonio is investigating the best method for using what is known about persuasion to develop an effective anti-littering campaign in his town and county.This is an example of ________ research.

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Question 3

Many individuals believe that a full moon is linked to increased crime and suicide rates.Explain how the concept of confirmation bias promotes this misconception.

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Question 4

During a class discussion on the effects of day care on later social adjustment,Dr.Barnes frequently reminded his students to focus on the scientific evidence rather than on their feelings about day care.Dr.Barnes was attempting to encourage his students' use of __________.

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Question 5

Before one's research is published in a scientific journal,it must be evaluated in terms of its accuracy and contribution to the field.This evaluation is referred to as __________.

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Question 6

__________ refers to the idea that a study's results have been independently verified by others and are not simply the result of chance or coincidence.

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Question 7

The development of psychology as a discipline focused on scientific experimentation after 1879,leading to a split from its roots in ________.

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Question 8

Psychics,before attempting to demonstrate their abilities,often offer caveats to explain away their inability to make accurate predictions.Such excuses violate the scientific thinking principle of __________.

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Question 9

Scientific skepticism requires that any claim is met with a(n)__________.

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Question 10

Even in attempting to be scientifically skeptical,we sometimes must look to authorities because we cannot devote the __________ to the evaluation of claims about human behavior.

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Question 11

One of the weakest forms of evidence in the scientific method is reliance on individual cases,also known as __________ evidence.

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Question 12

________ was the psychological school that argued most strongly for the importance of an observable and objective science of psychology.

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Question 13

Many psychologists believe that free will is a(n)________ because of the automaticity of many behaviors.

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Question 14

In a classroom experiment,a teacher has her students develop scenarios to support one position or another on bullying behavior on the playground.She is demonstrating the scientific thinking principle of __________.

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Question 15

Explain how the concepts of naive realism and confirmation bias may cause Ashley to stay in a bad relationship with her fiancee David,when her friends are all telling her that he is not a very nice person.

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Question 16

In an experiment,a researcher attempts to create situations where support for one position indicates a lack of support for other positions.This is an application of the scientific thinking principle of __________.

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Question 17

Randi is giving a talk on theoretical frameworks in psychology.In her talk she mentions the importance of understanding internal psychological processes and that we are frequently unaware of the underlying causes for many of our thoughts,feelings,and behaviors.Randi's talk is most likely on ________.

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Question 18

A group of behavioral geneticists has discovered a subspecies of chimpanzee in central Africa.The scientists are keeping an open mind but are still questioning their findings,based on an approach called __________.

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Question 19

For a scientific claim to be meaningful,it must be capable of being disproven.This is the scientific thinking principle of __________.

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Question 20

A group of scientists is attempting to verify recent data published on heart attacks and diabetes by duplicating the original findings.The scientists' process illustrates the scientific thinking principle of __________.

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Quiz 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking